Question 1

Fabiana knows she has to work early in the morning,but her best friend wants her to come to a dance club that stays open until 4 a.m.Fabiana manages to tell her friend she can't go dancing.Fabiana has demonstrated

Accepted Answer

Fabiana's ability to resist the temptation of going dancing despite her desire to do so indicates the use of willpower.

Question 2

Kendra wants to get a good grade in her social psychology course.She joins a study group that has several successful students in it.According to your textbook,Kendra's use of this study group to increase her chances to achieve social and economic status is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

B

Question 3

According to your text,desires to gain status and protect family members from harm are

Accepted Answer

Desires to gain status and protect family members from harm are examples of motives, which can drive and direct goal pursuit. Motives are internal states that activate behavior and provide a direction for goal-oriented actions. Goals, subgoals, and subordinate goals are more specific and concrete aims that people may have in pursuit of their motives.

Question 4

A mental representation capturing the general characteristics of a particular class of episodes,events,or individuals is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A schema is a mental representation that captures the general characteristics of a particular class of episodes, events, or individuals. Schemas help us organize information about the world and make predictions about new situations or events that we encounter. They are a type of cognitive framework that allow us to make sense of the world around us.

Question 5

Suppose that Jorge is on a diet and tries to suppress thoughts of chocolate.What is the most likely result of Jorge's attempt to control his thoughts this way?

Accepted Answer

The most likely result of suppressing thoughts of chocolate is that Jorge will think about chocolate even more than he would have otherwise. This is known as the rebound effect, where trying to suppress thoughts actually makes them more frequent and intense. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer.

Question 6

In their test of the hypothesis that willpower is limited,Baumeister et al.(1998)showed that,compared to participants who were allowed to eat cookies and candy,participants who had to use willpower to resist eating cookies and candy

Accepted Answer

The study showed that participants who had to use willpower to resist eating cookies and candy spent less time trying to solve puzzle tasks, indicating a depletion of their willpower reserves.

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding what happens when you try NOT to think about pink elephants?

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon of trying not to think about something and then thinking about it more frequently is known as the "ironic process theory," and has been studied extensively in psychology. When you try not to think about pink elephants, your brain will automatically focus on the concept of pink elephants, leading to frequent interruptions of your thoughts with images of pink elephants.

Question 8

You are having dinner with a close female friend,and you know that her boyfriend is going to propose to her later that evening.You barely manage to keep yourself from telling her the secret.As you say goodbye and begin walking home,you pass your favorite ice cream shop.According to the research on willpower,how likely are you to keep to your diet and resist buying a cone?

Accepted Answer

According to research on willpower, our ability to resist temptation is limited and can be depleted by previous acts of self-control. Keeping a secret requires self-control, which can result in weakened willpower and a decreased ability to resist temptation, such as buying ice cream. Therefore, it is more likely that the individual will be less likely to resist than normal.

Question 9

Research on willpower has demonstrated that

Accepted Answer

Research on willpower has shown that using willpower to achieve a goal can deplete one's immediate available willpower for a later goal. This is known as ego depletion.

Question 10

When Phat smells a particular perfume,images of his ex-girlfriend,who used to wear the perfume,quickly rush into his mind.This example illustrates

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Phat smells a particular perfume,images of...

Question 11

Knowledge of a specific episode,event,or individual that constitutes an example of a category is a/an

Accepted Answer

An exemplar is a specific episode, event, or individual that represents or exemplifies a category. It is a cognitive concept that is used for categorization and is similar to a prototype but is based on a specific instance rather than an abstract representation. A script refers to a pre-existing knowledge structure that describes a sequence of events, actions, and expectations that are commonly associated with a particular situation. A stereotype is an overgeneralized belief or assumption about a group of people or a social category, which may or may not have a basis in reality. A schema is an organized mental framework that is used to represent knowledge about a particular topic or domain, which includes beliefs, attitudes, values, and expectations.

Question 12

The self-control strength used to overcome counterproductive impulses to achieve difficult goals is known as

Accepted Answer

Willpower refers to the ability to resist short-term impulses in order to achieve long-term goals. It requires self-control to overcome counterproductive impulses and achieve difficult goals. Self-monitoring refers to the act of observing and tracking one's own behavior. Attention refers to the ability to focus on a particular task or stimuli. Automaticity refers to the ability to perform a task without conscious effort or attention.

Question 13

A fundamental principle of modern social psychology is that

Accepted Answer

Modern social psychology emphasizes that both the person and situation interact to influence social behavior. While personality traits and characteristics can impact behavior, the context and situational factors can also play a significant role. Therefore, it is essential to consider both factors to understand social behavior fully.

Question 14

Adolf Hitler,Saddam Hussein,and Timothy McVeigh might be considered ________ of the category "evil people."

Accepted Answer

Exemplars are individuals who are considered typical or representative of a particular category or group. In this case, the category is "evil people," and Hitler, Hussein, and McVeigh are seen as exemplars of this category. Stereotypes and schemas are broader concepts that refer to generalizations or mental frameworks about groups of people, while "poor examples" does not accurately capture the idea of these individuals being representative of a particular category.

Question 15

Takashi is standing in line at the grocery checkout.A stranger with a similar number of items approaches Takashi and asks to get in front of him in line because he has to pay for his groceries.Takashi allows him to get ahead in line.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Takashi's action is an example of mindlessness because he automatically allows the stranger to go ahead without critically thinking about the request or considering his own situation.

Question 16

Mitsuko drives to work without giving much attention or thought to the process of driving her car.She starts the car,shifts gears,and changes lanes without consciously having to plan these actions.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The scenario describes Mitsuko's driving as automatic, or without conscious thought. This is an example of automaticity, or the ability to perform tasks without having to consciously think through each step.

Question 17

In the Langer et al.(1978)copy machine study,participants allowed someone to go ahead of them even when they gave an excuse that didn't make sense.This study was a demonstration of

Accepted Answer

The Langer et al. (1978) copy machine study demonstrated the automaticity of social behavior, specifically, how individuals can act in a socially compliant way without really thinking about it. The participants allowed someone to go ahead of them even when given a nonsensical excuse, indicating that their behavior was not consciously driven by rational decision-making. This study highlights the role of automaticity in social behavior.

Question 18

The driving force that moves people toward their desired outcomes is known as

Accepted Answer

Motivation refers to the internal and external factors that stimulate desire and energy in people to be continually interested and committed to a job, role, or subject, or to make an effort to attain a desired goal or outcome.

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding motivation?

Accepted Answer

Motivation is the driving force that moves individuals to behave or act in a certain way, and this includes social behavior. It is often the energy that propels people towards fulfilling their long-term goals. While motivation can be related to short-term goals, it can also be related to long-term goals, such as career aspirations or personal achievements. In terms of survival, motivation is necessary for individuals to strive towards meeting their basic needs, such as food, shelter, and safety.

Question 20

The ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance once it is put into motion is known as

Accepted Answer

Automaticity refers to the ability of a behavior or cognitive process to operate without conscious guidance once it is put into motion. Option A is incorrect because attention is the conscious focusing of mental effort on a particular stimulus. Option C is incorrect because motivation refers to the inner state that directs a person's behavior towards a goal. Option D is incorrect because mindlessness refers to the state of acting without conscious thought or awareness.

Quiz 2: The Person and the Situation