Question 1

Most of Siek Toon's friends are her cousins;she spends lots of time with her family and feels that her relatives strongly influence the way she behaves.This is probably due to the fact that Siek Toon comes from ________.

Accepted Answer

The fact that Siek Toon spends lots of time with her family and feels that her relatives strongly influence the way she behaves indicates that she comes from a collectivistic culture. In collectivistic cultures, family and social relationships are highly valued and individuals prioritize the needs and goals of the group over their own individual needs and desires.

Question 2

A strong situation is one which

Accepted Answer

A strong situation is characterized by very obvious injunctive norms, meaning there are clear expectations about how individuals should behave in that context. This contrasts with situations that allow for a wide range of behaviors or lack clear norms.

Question 3

As you leave home to return to campus from your holiday break,your mother says to you,"Study hard,get good grades,try to keep the partying under control." She is conveying ________ to you.

Accepted Answer

The statement "Study hard, get good grades, try to keep the partying under control" conveys an injunctive norm, which is a perceived social pressure to perform in a certain way to gain approval or avoid disapproval from others. In this case, the mother is expressing her expectations and values for the behavior she would like to see from her child in college.

Question 4

An injunctive norm

Accepted Answer

An injunctive norm is a social norm that describes what people should or should not do in a particular situation. It is different from a descriptive norm, which describes what people actually do in a situation. Injunctive norms have been found to have a strong influence on people's behavior, as they help establish social expectations and promote conformity.

Question 5

Members of ________ cultures tend to prioritize their own goals over those of the group,whereas members of ________ cultures tend to place the group's concerns over their own.

Accepted Answer

This question is referring to the cultural dimension of collectivism vs. individualism. Collectivistic cultures prioritize the goals and concerns of the group, while individualistic cultures prioritize the goals and concerns of the individual. Therefore, option B is the correct choice with the identified explanation.

Question 6

Tamara was sitting in a lecture class totally bewildered and confused.She wanted to ask her professor to explain but,as she looked about the room,it appeared that the other students were understanding everything.As a result,she withheld her question,not realizing that they were as confused as she was.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of pluralistic ignorance, where individuals withhold their questions or concerns because they assume that others understand the situation better than they do. In reality, everyone in the room may be just as confused, but are conforming to the perceived norm of understanding.

Question 7

Pluralistic ignorance occurs when

Accepted Answer

Pluralistic ignorance occurs when people privately reject a norm but incorrectly assume that others accept it. This happens when the descriptive norm (what people are actually doing) is not consistent with people's actual beliefs.

Question 8

According to research on college campuses,binge drinking is at least in part the result of

Accepted Answer

All of the above options play a role in causing binge drinking on college campuses. Studies have shown that students often overestimate how much their peers actually drink, leading to a misperception of social norms surrounding alcohol consumption (descriptive norms). This misperception can be reinforced by pluralistic ignorance, where individuals mistakenly assume that others' attitudes or behaviors differ from their own. Together, these factors can contribute to a culture of heavy drinking on college campuses.

Question 9

A list of events that happen in a predictable order in a particular situation is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A list of events that happen in a predictable order in a particular situation is known as a script. A script can be used for social situations, such as going to a restaurant, and business situations, such as conducting a job interview.

Question 10

A situation that is usually scripted,allows few options for appropriate behavior,and has obvious injunctive norms is described as

Accepted Answer

The situation described is one where there are clearly defined norms and little room for deviation, meaning that it is a strong situation. The options for appropriate behavior are limited, making it harder for individuals to act in a way that goes against the norm.

Question 11

Research on injunctive norms for behaviors (e.g.,talking,fighting)in different situations (e.g.,a dorm lounge,church)showed that

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that the acceptability of a behavior depends on the situation and the social norms that are present in that particular context. In other words, injunctive norms for behaviors vary depending on the situation, and what might be acceptable in one context (such as talking in a dorm lounge) may not be acceptable in another (such as talking during church). Therefore, it is important to consider the situation when trying to understand and predict behavior.

Question 12

According to research,when people went about getting a date in the 1980s,they tended to follow a certain sequence of steps (e.g.,noticing each other,finding out about one another,beginning a conversation,etc.).This common representation of a sequence of events is known as

Accepted Answer

A script is a common representation of a sequence of events that people tend to follow in certain situations, such as going on a date. The other options, schema, exemplar, and self-schema, refer to different cognitive constructs that are not specifically related to the sequence of events involved in dating.

Question 13

Cultural norms which value getting along with others,seeking peace,and not standing out from a crowd are consistent with

Accepted Answer

Collectivistic cultures prioritize group harmony, interdependence, and cooperation, which aligns with valuing getting along with others and seeking peace. In contrast, independent cultures prioritize individualism and self-expression, while individualistic cultures prioritize autonomy and personal achievement. Directivist cultures prioritize obedience to authority and hierarchy, which do not align with the aforementioned cultural norms.

Question 14

While at the beach,Hideki spent some time sunning himself,then joined a volleyball game,and,later,played water tag.This beach is an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A weak situation is one where there are few rules or expectations, allowing for a wide range of behaviors. The beach setting, with its variety of activities and lack of strict guidelines, exemplifies this.

Question 15

José comes from Guatemala,a culture that is collectivistic in nature.Which of the following is a cultural affordance that is most likely to be provided to José?

Accepted Answer

The cultural value of collectivism emphasizes the importance of social relationships and group harmony. As such, individuals from collectivist cultures are likely to be socialized to prioritize relating well to others and taking their perspectives. This would therefore be a cultural affordance that is likely to be provided to José. Options A, B, and D are less likely to be relevant cultural affordances in this case.

Question 16

According to Asch's famous "line judging" studies on conformity,what is true about conformity and culture?

Accepted Answer

Asch's studies found that people from collectivistic cultures tend to be more conformist than those from individualistic cultures. This is likely because collectivistic cultures place a greater emphasis on social harmony and avoiding conflict.

Question 17

Candela subscribes to norms that emphasize independence,fending for oneself,and achieving whatever heights one aspires to.Candela is most likely from

Accepted Answer

Candela's adherence to norms emphasizing independence, self-reliance, and achievement suggests that she comes from an individualistic culture. In collectivistic cultures, the emphasis is on interdependence, and the needs of the group take precedence over individual needs. Traditional cultures might be more focused on upholding customs and values passed down through generations. A pluralistic culture refers to one that encompasses multiple cultures, so it is not a clear indication of Candela's cultural background.

Question 18

Erica walks into a restaurant with a friend.There is no one to seat them,so they find a table.The waitress strolls out,sits down at the table with them,chats for awhile,and then hands them the bill.Erica and her friend are shocked because

Accepted Answer

The scenario described violates the typical script people have for dining in a restaurant. Normally, customers expect to be greeted by a host/hostess who will seat them and then a server will come to take their order and provide service throughout the meal. The server sitting down and chatting with them, as well as handing them the bill, deviates from this script and can be surprising or confusing for the customers.

Question 19

Which of the following would NOT be characterized as a strong situation?

Accepted Answer

A strong situation is one that has clear and explicit norms and expectations, as well as a powerful social context that influences behavior. Weddings, graduation ceremonies, and an onrushing truck are all examples of strong situations, as there are obvious norms and expectations that guide behavior. However, a day at the beach does not have the same level of structure or social expectations, and therefore cannot be considered a strong situation.

Question 20

How does culture influence norms?

Accepted Answer

Culture can influence all of the above factors, including shaping the social norms that dictate our behavior in certain situations, impacting the types of people we associate with and the values and beliefs we adopt.

Quiz 2: The Person and the Situation