Question 1

Benny's mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother's strategy best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Counterconditioning is a behavior therapy technique that involves pairing a feared object or situation with a pleasurable experience in order to reduce anxiety or fear. In this case, Benny's fear of sailing is being countered with the pleasurable experience of eating his favorite candy, which is a form of counterconditioning.

Question 2

Virtual reality exposure therapy is a form of

Accepted Answer

Virtual reality exposure therapy is a type of systematic desensitization. This therapy involves exposing individuals to virtual simulations of feared situations or stimuli in a controlled and safe environment, allowing for gradual habituation and desensitization to the fear.

Question 3

Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is most central to the process of

Accepted Answer

Reinforcing desired behaviors and withholding reinforcement for undesired behaviors is the basis of behavior modification, a therapeutic approach that aims to change behavior through positive or negative reinforcement. Classical conditioning involves pairing an unconditioned stimulus with a neutral stimulus to create a conditioned response, and progressive relaxation involves a series of physical exercises to reduce muscle tension. Light exposure therapy is a treatment for seasonal affective disorder that involves exposure to bright light.

Question 4

Gina is so fearful of taking tests for college courses that she experiences mild anxiety when registering for a course,intense anxiety when studying for a test,and extreme anxiety when answering actual test questions. Her greatest fear,however,is experienced while waiting for a professor to hand out tests. During the process of systematically desensitizing her test anxiety,the therapist is likely to ask Gina first to imagine

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing a person to the source of their anxiety, starting with the least anxiety-provoking situation and gradually moving to the most anxiety-provoking one. Since Gina experiences mild anxiety when registering for a course, this would be the first step in her therapy.

Question 5

A token economy is to operant conditioning as ________ is to classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a behavioral therapy technique that uses classical conditioning to reduce anxiety related to a specific fear or phobia. In contrast, token economy is a behavioral therapy technique that uses operant conditioning to reinforce desired behaviors using tokens (e.g. stickers, points) that can be exchanged for rewards. Therefore, A is the best choice as it represents a behavior therapy technique that utilizes classical conditioning, similar to what token economy does with operant conditioning.

Question 6

Connor is constantly chewing tobacco. To reduce his appetite for this product,a behavior therapist would most likely use

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning is a therapy technique used to reduce the likelihood of a certain behavior by associating it with an unpleasant stimulus. In this case, the therapist would use aversive conditioning to associate the act of chewing tobacco with an unpleasant sensation, in order to reduce Connor's appetite for it.

Question 7

Systematic desensitization is based on the idea that ________ facilitates the elimination of fear.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization involves gradually exposing the individual to the feared stimulus while engaging in relaxation techniques. This process aims to replace the fear response with a relaxation response, thereby facilitating the elimination of fear.

Question 8

Which of the following techniques have behavior therapists used to help people overcome a fear of flying?

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapists have found virtual reality exposure therapy to be an effective technique for helping people overcome a fear of flying. This therapy allows individuals to experience simulated flight situations in a controlled and safe environment, gradually building up their confidence and reducing their anxiety over time. Aversive conditioning and a token economy are techniques more commonly used for behavioral modification in other contexts, while transference is a psychoanalytic concept that is not typically utilized in behavior therapy.

Question 9

In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning is a type of therapy in which unwanted behavior is associated with unpleasant experiences, such as an electric shock or a bad taste, in order to decrease the occurrence of the behavior in the future.

Question 10

Relaxing one muscle group after another until one achieves a completely relaxed state of comfort is called ________ relaxation.

Accepted Answer

This is because the specific relaxation technique described is called progressive muscle relaxation, which involves systematically tensing and then relaxing different muscle groups in order to achieve a state of relaxation.

Question 11

Which of the following is a type of exposure therapy?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of exposure therapy that involves gradual exposure to a feared stimulus (such as spiders) while teaching relaxation techniques to help reduce anxiety. Family therapy, stress inoculation training, and a token economy are not types of exposure therapy.

Question 12

In a therapeutic setting,a client who wants to lose weight eats some favorite foods laced with a nausea-producing drug. Yet,outside the therapist's office,the client knows he or she can eat those foods without fear of nausea. This awareness contributes to the limited effectiveness of

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes aversive conditioning, in which a negative or unpleasant stimulus (the nausea-producing drug) is paired with a previously desirable behavior (eating favorite foods). However, the limited effectiveness of this approach is due in part to the fact that the client knows they can eat those foods without fear of nausea outside of therapy. This undermines the association between the behavior and the negative consequence, rendering the aversive conditioning ineffective.

Question 13

In 1924,Mary Cover Jones reported that 3-year-old Peter lost his fear of rabbits when one was repeatedly presented while he was eating a tasty snack. This episode best illustrated the potential usefulness of

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of exposure therapy, which involves gradually exposing individuals to feared stimuli in a safe and supportive environment to reduce their anxiety and fear responses. In Peter's case, repeatedly presenting the rabbit while he was eating a tasty snack helped him to associate the previously feared stimulus (the rabbit) with positive experiences (enjoyable food), leading to a reduction in fear.

Question 14

Jonathan is afraid to ask a girl for a date,so his therapist instructs him to relax and simply imagine he is reaching for a telephone and then calling a potential date. The therapist's technique best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

The therapist's technique of instructing Jonathan to imagine he is making a phone call to ask for a date is an example of systematic desensitization, a technique often used in behavior therapy to help individuals overcome phobias or anxiety. With systematic desensitization, the person is gradually exposed to the feared situation or object in a controlled manner, while using relaxation techniques to manage anxiety. This helps the person to become desensitized to the feared situation and reduces anxiety over time.

Question 15

Systematic desensitization involves

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of therapy used to treat phobias and anxiety disorders. It involves gradually exposing the person to their fear-inducing stimulus while they are in a state of deep relaxation. The goal is to replace the fear response with a relaxed response. Therefore, choice D is the best answer as it accurately describes the process involved in systematic desensitization.

Question 16

In treating alcohol dependency,therapists have clients consume alcohol that contains a nausea-producing drug. This technique is known as

Accepted Answer

The technique described is known as aversive conditioning, which involves pairing an undesirable or aversive stimulus (in this case, a nausea-producing drug) with a previously desirable behavior (drinking alcohol) in order to reduce the frequency of that behavior. Operant conditioning involves reinforcing or punishing behavior to increase or decrease its frequency, while systematic desensitization is a technique for reducing anxiety and phobias through gradual exposure and relaxation training. Transference involves projecting feelings and attitudes from past relationships onto a therapist or other present-day situation.

Question 17

Therapists practice ________ by using positive reinforcers to reward closer and closer approximations of a desired behavior.

Accepted Answer

The term "positive reinforcers" and the idea of rewarding behavior are key indicators of behavior modification, which involves changing behavior through conditioning and reinforcement techniques. Free association and progressive relaxation are more associated with psychoanalytic and relaxation therapies, respectively. Unconditional positive regard is a concept coined by humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers and refers to the unconditional acceptance and support of a client, but it is not explicitly tied to behavior change or reinforcement.

Question 18

Systematic desensitization is a form of ________,which is a type of ________.

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of counterconditioning, which is a behavioral therapy technique that aims to replace an unwanted response (in this case, anxiety or fear) with a more desired response (such as relaxation). The other options listed are not related to systematic desensitization or counterconditioning.

Question 19

Systematic desensitization involves replacing a negative response with a positive response,whereas ________ involves replacing a positive response with a negative response.

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning involves pairing an unpleasant stimulus with a behavior in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future. This can involve replacing a positive response (such as enjoyment of a certain behavior) with a negative response (such as nausea or shock) in order to create an aversion to that behavior.

Question 20

To help Claire quit smoking,a therapist delivers an electric shock to her arm each time she smokes a cigarette. The therapist is using

Accepted Answer

Aversive conditioning involves associating an unwanted behavior (smoking) with an unpleasant stimulus (electric shock) in order to decrease the likelihood of the behavior occurring in the future.

Quiz 5: Narcissism and the Limits of Self-Esteem