Question 1

Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of

Accepted Answer

Client-centered therapists prioritize creating a safe and accepting environment for clients to explore their inner experiences. This includes enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted, regardless of their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. Option A is more relevant to psychoanalytic therapy, option C relates more to behavioral therapy, and option D violates ethical principles by prohibiting clients from making their own decisions about medication.

Question 2

Psychotherapy is likely to be most effective when a client's problem is

Accepted Answer

Psychotherapy tends to be most effective when the client's problem is clear-cut, as it allows for more straightforward identification of issues and application of therapeutic techniques.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a common criticism of psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

The other three options (repressed memories, hard to disprove interpretations, and high cost) are all common criticisms of psychoanalysis. The criticism of giving therapists too much control over patients is more commonly applied to some other types of therapy, particularly those that involve a very directive or confrontational approach, rather than psychoanalysis which is more focused on the patient's own experiences and perspectives.

Question 4

In a home for troubled youth,adolescents receive large colored buttons when they hang up their clothes,make their beds,and come to meals on time. The adolescents return the buttons to staff members to receive bedtime snacks or watch TV. This best illustrates an application of

Accepted Answer

The use of colored buttons to reinforce desired behaviors (hanging up clothes, making beds, coming to meals on time) and receiving rewards (bedtime snacks or watching TV) is an example of operant conditioning, which involves learning through consequences of behavior. By receiving a reward for their behavior, the adolescents are more likely to repeat the behavior in the future.

Question 5

Nancy's therapist encourages her to think about her strengths rather than her weaknesses and to develop a habit of thanking others when they compliment her or provide emotional support. The therapist's approach best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist's focus on changing Nancy's patterns of thinking and behavior to increase positive reinforcement aligns with the goals and techniques of cognitive-behavioral therapy.

Question 6

Of the following therapists,who would be most likely to interpret a person's psychological problems in terms of repressed impulses?

Accepted Answer

Psychoanalysts are known for their emphasis on the role of childhood experiences and unconscious thoughts and impulses that may be repressed, leading to psychological distress. They often use techniques such as free association and dream analysis to uncover and work through these repressed impulses.

Question 7

Cognitive therapists are most likely to

Accepted Answer

Cognitive therapists emphasize the importance of clients' personal interpretations of life events, as they believe that our thoughts and beliefs about situations can influence how we feel and behave. They focus on restructuring negative or irrational thoughts and instilling more positive, realistic ways of thinking.

Question 8

To help Adam reduce his fear of dogs,a therapist encourages him to physically relax and then simply imagine that he is walking toward a friendly and harmless little dog. The therapist's technique best illustrates

Accepted Answer

This technique involves combining relaxation with gradually facing feared stimuli, such as dogs, in a controlled and safe manner. Adam's therapist is using systematic desensitization by encouraging him to relax and then imagining walking towards a friendly and harmless little dog. Over time, this technique should help Adam reduce his fear of dogs by gradually increasing the exposure to them without triggering a fear response.

Question 9

The goal of stress inoculation training is to reduce incapacitating anxiety by encouraging people to say positive things to themselves during anxiety-producing situations. This best illustrates a form of

Accepted Answer

Stress inoculation training involves encouraging individuals to use positive self-talk and cognitive restructuring techniques to manage anxiety during stressful situations. This aligns with the principles of cognitive therapy, which emphasizes the role of thoughts and beliefs in shaping emotions and behavior.

Question 10

To help Janet overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate,a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. This approach to treatment best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The therapist is using aversive conditioning to pair the previously enjoyable stimulus of chocolate with an unpleasant taste, in order to decrease Janet's desire for it. Aversive conditioning involves pairing an unpleasant or aversive stimulus with a behavior in order to decrease the likelihood of that behavior occurring in the future.

Question 11

Systematic desensitization is a form of

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a type of exposure therapy that aims to help clients overcome their anxiety and phobias through gradual exposure to the feared stimulus in a safe and controlled manner. The process involves constructing a hierarchy of feared stimuli and then gradually exposing the individual to the stimuli starting with the least anxiety-provoking and progress towards the most anxiety-provoking until the fear response is reduced. It is not aversive conditioning or stress inoculation training, although it does involve cognitive-behavioral therapy techniques.

Question 12

The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called ________; it is favored by ________ therapists.

Accepted Answer

The technique in which a person is asked to report everything that comes to his or her mind is called free association, and it is favored by psychoanalytic therapists. Active listening is a communication skill used in many therapy approaches, cognitive therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns, spontaneous remission is an unexpected improvement in a patient's condition without treatment, humanistic therapy focuses on personal growth and self-actualization, systematic desensitization is a behavioral therapy technique used to treat anxiety disorders.

Question 13

Which of the following factors is NOT a therapeutically effective component of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following factors is NOT...

Question 14

The most effective psychotherapists are those who

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently found that the therapeutic relationship and the ability of the therapist to establish empathy and a caring connection with their clients is the most important factor in successful therapy outcomes. While experience and accurate diagnosis can also be helpful, they are not as crucial as building a strong therapeutic alliance. It is also not the role of the therapist to discourage or encourage the use of medication, but rather to work collaboratively with the client and their prescribing physician to ensure the best possible treatment plan.

Question 15

During a session with his psychoanalyst,Jamal hesitates while describing a highly embarrassing thought. In the psychoanalytic framework,this is an example of

Accepted Answer

Jamal's hesitation is an example of resistance, which is when a patient hesitates or avoids discussing certain topics or thoughts that may cause anxiety or discomfort. This resistance is seen as an obstacle in the therapy process and is thought to be rooted in the patient's unconscious mind.

Question 16

Who emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process?

Accepted Answer

Sigmund Freud emphasized the importance of transference in the therapeutic process. He believed that clients would unconsciously transfer their unresolved feelings and conflicts onto the therapist in the course of therapy, which provided insights into their unconscious mind and helped to resolve their emotional problems.

Question 17

During her weekly therapy sessions,Sabrina will often abruptly shift the focus of her attention and lose her train of thought. A psychoanalyst would suggest that this illustrates

Accepted Answer

Sabrina's behavior of abruptly shifting focus and losing train of thought during therapy sessions indicates resistance, which is a common defense mechanism in psychoanalysis. Resistance is the unconscious refusal to disclose certain thoughts, emotions, or memories that are causing anxiety or discomfort, and is seen as a sign of progress in psychoanalytic therapy.

Question 18

Identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders is of most central interest to the advocates of

Accepted Answer

The advocates of preventive mental health focus on identifying and eliminating the socially stressful conditions that contribute to psychological disorders, rather than simply treating the symptoms of these disorders. Systematic desensitization and exposure therapies are specific types of therapies that address anxiety disorders, while cognitive-behavioral therapy is a broader approach that focuses on changing negative thought patterns and behaviors.

Question 19

Many physicians did not realize that bleeding was an ineffective treatment for typhoid fever until researchers made effective use of

Accepted Answer

The use of a control group is essential to identify whether a treatment is effective or not. In this case, the researchers were able to compare the outcomes of patients who received bleeding treatment to those who did not, and this comparison led to the realization that bleeding was ineffective in treating typhoid fever. The other options (stress inoculation training, placebo effect, exposure therapies) are not relevant to the discovery regarding bleeding treatment for typhoid fever.

Question 20

An eclectic psychotherapist is one who

Accepted Answer

An eclectic psychotherapist uses a variety of techniques depending on the client and the problem, rather than sticking to one particular technique or theory.

Quiz 5: Narcissism and the Limits of Self-Esteem