Question 1

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts. These are termed the __________ nervous systems.

Accepted Answer

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts - the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for calming the body down and conserving energy, while the sympathetic nervous system is responsible for activating the body's "fight or flight" response.

Question 2

Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in language tasks?

Accepted Answer

The left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in language tasks. This is known as the "language center" and is responsible for speech production, language comprehension, and written language.

Question 3

When the sympathetic nervous system assumes control of the involuntary bodily processes during a stressful situation, which of the following changes is likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

When the sympathetic nervous system is activated during stress, it prepares the body for a "fight or flight" response. This includes halting processes that are not immediately necessary for survival, such as digestion, to redirect energy and resources to more critical functions like increasing heart rate and blood flow to muscles.

Question 4

Calm is to aroused as _______ is to _______.

Accepted Answer

"Calm" and "aroused" are both states of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), which regulates involuntary bodily functions. The ANS has two main branches: the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. The parasympathetic branch is generally associated with relaxation and rest, while the sympathetic branch is associated with the "fight or flight" response and increased physiological arousal. Therefore, the best analogy for "calm is to aroused" would be "parasympathetic is to sympathetic" (choice A).

Question 5

The nervous system is comprised of two parts: ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nervous system is comprised of two...

Question 6

One evening Betty was walking to the dorm from the gym when she was stopped by two men who demanded her money. Since she was a good athlete, Betty decided to make a run for it. Pretending to open her purse, she suddenly turned and dashed off. Although pursued, Betty outran her assailants. During this incident, which part of Betty's nervous system was most directly responsible for her successful escape?

Accepted Answer

The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, which prepares the body for action in response to a perceived threat. In this situation, Betty's successful escape was largely due to the activation of her sympathetic nervous system, which increased her heart rate and breathing, dilated her pupils, and released adrenaline to fuel her muscles for running.

Question 7

Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in spatial tasks?

Accepted Answer

The right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in spatial tasks such as mental rotation, spatial visualization, and navigation.

Question 8

The cerebellum __________.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is involved in coordinating actions, particularly in relation to movement, in order to make them efficient. It does not control blood pressure or emotional behavior, nor does it relay messages from sensory receptors.

Question 9

The structure in the hindbrain that controls certain reflexes and coordinates the body's movements is the __________.

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum, located in the hindbrain, is responsible for coordinating voluntary movement and controlling certain reflexes. The medulla and pons are also in the hindbrain, but the medulla is primarily responsible for regulating basic bodily functions such as breathing and heart rate, and the pons plays a role in relaying information between different parts of the brain. The reticular formation, although located in the hindbrain, is involved in regulating arousal, attention, and sleep-wake transitions.

Question 10

The central nervous system consists of the __________.

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system is composed of the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 11

A young woman recovering from a blow to her head finds she has great difficulty maintaining her balance and coordinating her movements. Injury to which part of her brain is likely to be causing her difficulties?

Accepted Answer

The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and maintaining balance, so injury to this area of the brain would likely result in difficulties with these functions. The medulla is responsible for regulating basic functions such as breathing and heart rate, and injury to this area would result in more serious problems. The cerebral cortex is responsible for higher-level functions such as perception and thought, so injury to this area would not necessarily result in specific problems with balance and coordination. The thalamus is responsible for relaying sensory information to the cortex, and injury to this area would result in sensory deficits rather than issues with movement and coordination.

Question 12

The outer surface of the two cerebral hemispheres that regulate most complex behavior is called the __________.

Accepted Answer

The cerebral cortex is the outer surface of the two cerebral hemispheres and is responsible for most of our complex behavior, including our ability to think, reason, make decisions, and perceive our environment. The cerebellum is involved in coordination and balance, the corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers that connects the two cerebral hemispheres, and the substantia nigra is a group of neurons in the midbrain that produces dopamine and is involved in movement control.

Question 13

The part of the brain which interprets visual information is the __________.

Accepted Answer

The occipital lobe is responsible for processing and interpreting visual information.

Question 14

The part of the brain that receives sensations of touch, balance, bodily position, and oversees spatial abilities is the __________.

Accepted Answer

The parietal lobe is responsible for receiving sensations of touch, balance, bodily position, and overseeing spatial abilities. The occipital lobe processes visual information, the temporal lobe processes auditory information and is involved in memory, while the frontal lobe is responsible for functions such as decision making, planning, and personality.

Question 15

The area in the back of the temporal lobe that is important in our ability to listen and in processing and understanding what others are saying is __________.

Accepted Answer

Wernicke's area is located in the back of the temporal lobe and is important in processing and understanding language. Korsakoff's area and Sach's area are not recognized areas in neuroscience. Broca's area is located in the frontal lobe and is important in language production.

Question 16

The part of the brain that helps process hearing and give meaning to words is the __________.

Accepted Answer

The temporal lobe, located on the lower-left and lower-right parts of the brain, is responsible for processing sensory input, including hearing and language comprehension. It helps us understand and interpret sounds, words, and language.

Question 17

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions make up the:

Accepted Answer

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions are both part of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiration. Option A, motor cortex, is part of the central nervous system and controls voluntary movement. Option B, endocrine system, is responsible for producing and releasing hormones into the bloodstream for various bodily functions. Option D, neocortex, is the outer layer of the brain responsible for higher-order thinking and perception.

Question 18

Calm is to aroused as _______ is to _______.

Accepted Answer

Calm and aroused are opposite states of the autonomic nervous system. Calm is associated with the parasympathetic nervous system, while arousal is associated with the sympathetic nervous system. Therefore, the best choice would be A, where parasympathetic is the opposite of sympathetic.

Question 19

Which of the following most directly controls bodily reflexes?

Accepted Answer

The spinal cord is the most direct control center for bodily reflexes. When sensory stimuli are perceived, the spinal cord can quickly and automatically initiate a response, such as pulling away from a hot object. This reflex arc bypasses the brainstem and higher brain regions to provide rapid and automatic protection for the body.

Question 20

The two major divisions of the central nervous system are:

Accepted Answer

The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord. Therefore, choice C is the correct answer. Choice A refers to the two hemispheres of the brain, which are a part of the central nervous system but do not constitute the major divisions. Choice B refers to the brain and the autonomic nervous system, which is a part of the peripheral nervous system. Choice D refers to the peripheral nervous system and the autonomic nervous system, which are both distinct from the central nervous system.

Quiz 2: The Biological Perspective

The autonomic nervous system is divided into two parts. These are termed the __________ nervous systems.

Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in language tasks?

When the sympathetic nervous system assumes control of the involuntary bodily processes during a stressful situation, which of the following changes is likely to occur?

Calm is to aroused as _ is to _.

The nervous system is comprised of two parts: ________.

Which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is usually dominant in spatial tasks?

The cerebellum __________.

The structure in the hindbrain that controls certain reflexes and coordinates the body's movements is the __________.

The central nervous system consists of the __________.

A young woman recovering from a blow to her head finds she has great difficulty maintaining her balance and coordinating her movements. Injury to which part of her brain is likely to be causing her difficulties?

The outer surface of the two cerebral hemispheres that regulate most complex behavior is called the __________.

The part of the brain which interprets visual information is the __________.

The part of the brain that receives sensations of touch, balance, bodily position, and oversees spatial abilities is the __________.

The area in the back of the temporal lobe that is important in our ability to listen and in processing and understanding what others are saying is __________.

The part of the brain that helps process hearing and give meaning to words is the __________.

The parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions make up the:

Calm is to aroused as _ is to _.

Which of the following most directly controls bodily reflexes?

The two major divisions of the central nervous system are: