Question 1

An adventitious chain is one in which each response component of the chain is necessary for reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

An adventitious chain is a sequence of behaviors where not all components are necessary for reinforcement, often occurring by chance or accidentally being linked together.

Question 2

When Suzie plays the slot machines in Las Vegas, her gambling behavior is reinforced on ___________a schedule.
A)variable-interval
B)variable-duration
C)fixed-ratio
D)variable-ratio

Accepted Answer

Variable-ratio schedules are the most effective in maintaining and increasing behavior, in this case, gambling. With a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcement (winning) is delivered on an unpredictable basis after a varying number of behaviors (pulling the lever). This means that Suzie never knows when she will win, which keeps her motivated to continue playing.

Question 3

On a(n)___________schedule of reinforcement, a reinforcer is presented if a specified period of time passes and a particular behavior does not occur during that time.
A)DRA
B)DRI
C)DRL
D)DRO

Accepted Answer

DRO (Differential Reinforcement of Other behavior) involves delivering reinforcement only if a specified behavior does not occur during a designated period of time.

Question 4

Reinforcement is given immediately after a response during a session, provided that that response is separated from the preceding response by some minimal time period.This refers to a(n):
A)FI/LH
B)limited-responding DRL
C)VI/LH
D)spaced-responding DRL

Accepted Answer

This describes a spaced-responding differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL) schedule, where reinforcement is contingent on responses being spaced apart by a minimum time interval.

Question 5

An individual is reinforced if a target response does not occur throughout a particular interval, and each response typically "resets" the interval back to zero.This refers to a(n)________schedule.
A)DRI
B)DRO
C)DRA
D)spaced-responding DRL

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a differential reinforcement of zero responding (DRO) schedule, where reinforcement is delivered contingent upon the absence of a specific behavior during a specific time interval. Each behavior resets the interval back to zero, which means the reinforcement is delivered when the behavior is not displayed within the interval.

Question 6

You are likely to reinforce (by answering pleasantly and with interest)an acquaintance who telephones you if such calls occur at a reasonably low rate, but not if they occur at such a high rate that you feel hassled.You friend is being reinforced on a(n):
A)DRL schedule
B)DRO schedule
C)DRA schedule
D)DRI schedule

Accepted Answer

A Differential Reinforcement of Low rates (DRL) schedule reinforces a behavior only if it occurs at or below a specified frequency. In this scenario, answering calls pleasantly is reinforced when the calls are infrequent, aligning with a DRL schedule.

Question 7

Reinforcement is given at the end of a session, provided that the number of responses during that session do not exceed some specified limit.This is the definition of:
A)limited-responding DRL
B)interval DRL
C)spaced-responding DRL
D)limited-hold DRL

Accepted Answer

The definition provided describes limited-responding DRL, where reinforcement is given only if the number of responses made during a session do not exceed a certain limit. Interval DRL involves the reinforcement being given only if the responses are made after a specific interval of time has elapsed. Spaced-responding DRL involves the reinforcement being given only if the responses occur at specified intervals throughout the session. Limited-hold DRL involves the reinforcement being given only if the responses occur within a specific time window.

Question 8

An event which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to decrease in frequency, is referred to as a(n):
A)SD
B)punisher
C)primary reinforcer
D)natural reinforce

Accepted Answer

A punisher is an event that decreases the frequency of a behavior when presented immediately following that behavior. The other options do not fit this description; an SD is a discriminative stimulus that signals the availability of reinforcement, a primary reinforcer is an inherently reinforcing stimulus, and a natural reinforcer is a reinforcer that occurs naturally in the environment.

Question 9

DRL works to the disadvantage of people who are ignorant of its effects by inadvertently reinforcing behavior that is highly undesirable and harmful to others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of DRL works to the disadvantage of people...

Question 10

In the program in which Tommy could earn extra playtime at the end of the day for
having three or fewer talkouts during class, Tommy's talkouts may have decreased because the teacher immediately reinforced Tommy for working without talking.

Accepted Answer

Immediate reinforcement for desired behavior, such as working without talking, can effectively decrease undesired behavior like talkouts.

Question 11

It would be appropriate to use a DRL schedule of reinforcement when a behavior:
A)occurs at greater than the desired rate
B)does not occur
C)occurs at very low rates
D)is harmful to the client or others

Accepted Answer

A DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates) schedule of reinforcement is used to decrease the frequency of a behavior that occurs too frequently, without completely eliminating it. This makes it appropriate for situations where a behavior occurs at greater than the desired rate.

Question 12

On a(n)_____________schedule of reinforcement, responding too soon means that the time interval will recycle so that a reinforced response must occur a minimum of a specified interval of time following a preceding response.
A)limited-responding DRL
B)interval DRL
C)spaced-responding DRL
D)limited-hold DRL

Accepted Answer

Spaced-responding DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rate) schedules require a minimum amount of time to pass between responses for reinforcement to be delivered. If a response is made too soon, the interval resets, enforcing a spacing of responses over time.

Question 13

In the program in which Tommy could earn extra playtime at the end of the day for having three or fewer talkouts during class, Tommy's talkouts decreased because of the direct-acting effects of reinforcement of free play at the end of the day when he didn't talk out.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the program in which Tommy could...

Question 14

A procedure that involves extinction of a problem behavior, combined with reinforcing a behavior that is topographically dissimilar to, but not necessarily incompatible with the problem behavior is known as a:
A)DRL schedule
B)DRA schedule
C)DRO schedule
D)DRI schedule

Accepted Answer

The procedure described in the question is known as Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior (DRA) schedule. It involves reinforcing a behavior that is alternative to the problem behavior but is not necessarily incompatible with it. This procedure is different from DRO schedule (which involves reinforcing the absence of problem behavior for a specified time period) and DRI schedule (which involves reinforcing a behavior that is incompatible with the problem behavior). DRL schedule involves reinforcing a behavior that occurs at a low rate, usually used to reduce excessive behavior.

Question 15

DRA refers to a schedule in which a behavior that is different from, but not necessarily incompatible with, the problem behavior is reinforced and the problem behavior is extinguished.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct definition of Differential Reinforcement of Alternative behavior (DRA) as a behavior that is different from the problem behavior is reinforced while the problem behavior is extinguished.

Question 16

Limited-responding DRL is useful when two conditions hold: (a)some of the behavior is tolerable, but (b)the behavior must also be engaged in for a fixed period of time.

Accepted Answer

Limited-responding DRL (Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates) is used to reduce the frequency of a behavior, not to ensure that a behavior is maintained for a fixed period of time. It is useful when some level of the behavior is acceptable but the goal is to decrease its frequency, not to extend its duration.

Question 17

The "O" in DRO stands for other responding.

Accepted Answer

The "O" in DRO stands for "other reinforcement" or "other reinforcers".

Question 18

On a(n)_____schedule of reinforcement, responding by the individual before the time interval has passed has no programmed consequences.
A)spaced-responding DRL
B)FI
C)limited-responding DRL
D)FD

Accepted Answer

This description matches the Fixed Interval (FI) schedule of reinforcement. On an FI schedule, the first response after a specified amount of time has passed is reinforced, while responses before the time interval has passed are not reinforced.

Question 19

When the session is divided into intervals and reinforcement is given at the end of each interval in which the number of responses do not exceed some specified limit, then a(n)_______________________schedule is being applied.
A)VI/LH
B)spaced-responding DRO
C)DRA
D)limited-responding DRL

Accepted Answer

The description given matches the limited-responding DRL schedule, which reinforces behavior only if it occurs no more than a certain number of times during a specific interval. The other options listed do not fit the given description.

Question 20

Jack works at a job where he is paid by the hour.Jack is being reinforced on a____________ schedule.
A)fixed-ratio
B)fixed-interval
C)fixed-duration
D)variable-interval

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jack works at a job where he...

Quiz 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide

An adventitious chain is one in which each response component of the chain is necessary for reinforcement.

When Suzie plays the slot machines in Las Vegas, her gambling behavior is reinforced on ___________a schedule.

On a(n) ___________schedule of reinforcement, a reinforcer is presented if a specified period of time passes and a particular behavior does not occur during that time.

Reinforcement is given immediately after a response during a session, provided that that response is separated from the preceding response by some minimal time period.This refers to a(n) :

An individual is reinforced if a target response does not occur throughout a particular interval, and each response typically "resets" the interval back to zero.This refers to a(n) ________schedule.

You are likely to reinforce (by answering pleasantly and with interest) an acquaintance who telephones you if such calls occur at a reasonably low rate, but not if they occur at such a high rate that you feel hassled.You friend is being reinforced on a(n) :

Reinforcement is given at the end of a session, provided that the number of responses during that session do not exceed some specified limit.This is the definition of:

An event which, when presented immediately following a behavior, causes the behavior to decrease in frequency, is referred to as a(n) :

DRL works to the disadvantage of people who are ignorant of its effects by inadvertently reinforcing behavior that is highly undesirable and harmful to others.

In the program in which Tommy could earn extra playtime at the end of the day for having three or fewer talkouts during class, Tommy's talkouts may have decreased because the teacher immediately reinforced Tommy for working without talking.

It would be appropriate to use a DRL schedule of reinforcement when a behavior:

On a(n) _____________schedule of reinforcement, responding too soon means that the time interval will recycle so that a reinforced response must occur a minimum of a specified interval of time following a preceding response.

In the program in which Tommy could earn extra playtime at the end of the day for having three or fewer talkouts during class, Tommy's talkouts decreased because of the direct-acting effects of reinforcement of free play at the end of the day when he didn't talk out.

A procedure that involves extinction of a problem behavior, combined with reinforcing a behavior that is topographically dissimilar to, but not necessarily incompatible with the problem behavior is known as a:

DRA refers to a schedule in which a behavior that is different from, but not necessarily incompatible with, the problem behavior is reinforced and the problem behavior is extinguished.

Limited-responding DRL is useful when two conditions hold: (a)some of the behavior is tolerable, but (b)the behavior must also be engaged in for a fixed period of time.

The "O" in DRO stands for other responding.

On a(n) _____schedule of reinforcement, responding by the individual before the time interval has passed has no programmed consequences.

When the session is divided into intervals and reinforcement is given at the end of each interval in which the number of responses do not exceed some specified limit, then a(n) _______________________schedule is being applied.

Jack works at a job where he is paid by the hour.Jack is being reinforced on a____________ schedule.