Question 1

The term behavior therapy is typically used to refer to behavior modification where there is an attempt to clearly demonstrate controlling variables of the behavior of concern.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term behavior therapy is typically used...

Question 2

Strategies for recognizing maladaptive thinking and replacing it with adaptive thinking were referred to by Beck as behavior therapy.

Accepted Answer

Strategies for recognizing maladaptive thinking and replacing it with adaptive thinking were actually referred to by Beck as cognitive therapy, not behavior therapy.

Question 3

To avoid problems associated with labeling, in the case of autism, for example, we should describe the client as an autistic child rather than as a child with autism.

Accepted Answer

It is now recommended to use person-first language, such as "child with autism" instead of "autistic child," to emphasize that the individual is more than just their diagnosis.

Question 4

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities now prefers the term ___________ to refer to individuals characterized by significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

Accepted Answer

The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities has shifted towards using the term "intellectual disability" as it is more respectful and person-centered than the previously used "mental retardation" and "mentally handicapped". "Developmental disability" is a broader term that encompasses intellectual disability but also includes disabilities in other areas such as physical, sensory, and communication abilities.

Question 5

In 1960 the British psychologist Hans Eysenck used the term "behavior therapy" to refer to the treatment procedure developed by Joseph Wolpe.

Accepted Answer

Hans Eysenck did indeed use the term "behavior therapy" to refer to Wolpe's treatment procedure.

Question 6

Behavior modifiers have begun to pay more attention to issues of race, gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation because:

Accepted Answer

These variables can influence the effectiveness of treatment. Culture can impact how individuals view and respond to treatment methods, and it is essential for behavior modifiers to consider these factors to provide successful treatment outcomes.

Question 7

"Applications to socially significant problems in unstructured community settings where the behavior of individuals is not considered deviant in the traditional sense" is the definition of:

Accepted Answer

The definition refers to the field of community psychology which focuses on understanding and addressing social issues in diverse community settings. Organizational behavior management and behavior therapy are more individual-level focused, while health psychology deals with health-related issues rather than social issues.

Question 8

Which of the following is not a sub-area of the application of behavioral principles in health psychology?

Accepted Answer

Psychological testing of personality disorders does not fall under the sub-areas of the application of behavioral principles in health psychology. The other options listed, such as establishing treatment compliance, promotion of healthy living, and stress management, are all core sub-areas of health psychology that involve the use of behavioral principles.

Question 9

Studies with clinical populations have shown behavior therapy to be:

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown behavior therapy to be demonstrably superior to other forms of psychotherapy in certain problem areas such as phobias. It is not significantly inferior to other treatments, nor is it the main mode of therapy for treating adults or used as often as psychodynamic therapy in treating children.

Question 10

Behavior modifiers made little use of the first three DSMs because:

Accepted Answer

The first three editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) were heavily influenced by Freud's psychoanalytic theory, which focused on internal psychological processes rather than observable behaviors. Behavior modifiers, who focus on observable and measurable behaviors, found little use for these editions because of their theoretical basis in Freud's ideas.

Question 11

Characteristics of behavior that can be measured are called dimensions of behavior.

Accepted Answer

This is correct, dimensions of behavior are quantifiable characteristics that can be measured, such as frequency, intensity, duration, latency, and topography.

Question 12

In the 1960s and 70s, ___________ developed early intensive behavioral treatment programs for children with autism.

Accepted Answer

Ivar Lovaas developed early intensive behavioral treatment programs for children with autism in the 1960s and 70s, known as Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA). B.F. Skinner, Fred Keller, and Joseph Pear were also notable behaviorists in the field of psychology, but did not develop these specific programs for children with autism.

Question 13

Which of the following is not a characteristic of behavioral approaches to university teaching?

Accepted Answer

Option D is not a characteristic of behavioral approaches to university teaching because it emphasizes objective scoring strategies, such as multiple-choice items and examinations, which may not be suitable for all types of courses and learning outcomes. Behavioral approaches emphasize a clear definition of learning objectives, frequent assessment, and feedback, as well as the use of positive reinforcement to encourage desired behavior and performance in students. Options A, B, and C are all characteristics of behavioral approaches.

Question 14

PSI stands for:

Accepted Answer

PSI commonly refers to personalized system of instruction.

Question 15

Which of the following is not a general area in which behavior modification has been applied in behavioral sport psychology?

Accepted Answer

Selecting athletes for Olympic programs based on personality traits is not a general area in which behavior modification has been applied in behavioral sport psychology. The other options (teaching new athletic skills, motivating practice and fitness training, and helping athletes cope with pressure) all involve modifying behavior in some way to improve athletic performance.

Question 16

The terms behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy are often used interchangeably.

Accepted Answer

Behavior therapy and cognitive behavior therapy are both types of psychotherapy that focus on changing maladaptive behaviors and thoughts.

Question 17

The characteristics of impaired communication, impaired social behavior, and repetitive self- stimulatory behaviors during the first few years after birth are shown by individuals diagnosed as:

Accepted Answer

Impaired communication, impaired social behavior, and repetitive self-stimulatory behaviors are all common characteristics of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Moderately developmentally disabled and severely intellectually disabled individuals may have communication impairments and social difficulties, but they typically do not exhibit repetitive self-stimulatory behaviors. Schizophrenia is a mental illness characterized by delusions, hallucinations, and disordered thinking, and while communication and social difficulties may be present, repetitive self-stimulatory behaviors are not typically a symptom of schizophrenia.

Question 18

Organizational behavior management refers to:

Accepted Answer

Organizational behavior management involves applying behavior modification techniques to improve individual or group performance within a workplace or other organizational setting. This can include strategies to increase productivity, reduce undesirable behaviors, and improve overall job satisfaction.

Question 19

In a landmark experiment in 1920, Mary Cover Jones demonstrated Pavlovian conditioning of a fear response in an 11 month-old infant.

Accepted Answer

Mary Cover Jones is known for her work on desensitization, not for demonstrating Pavlovian conditioning of a fear response. Her famous experiment involved reducing fear in a child named Peter, not inducing it. Ivan Pavlov is the one associated with classical conditioning experiments involving fear responses.

Question 20

A broad interdisciplinary field concerned with the links between health, illness, and behavior is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Behavioral medicine is the interdisciplinary field concerned with the links between health, illness, and behavior. Health psychology is a subfield of behavioral medicine that focuses on psychological factors in health, while stress management is a specific set of techniques and strategies to help individuals manage stress. Behavioral health refers to the integration of mental health and substance abuse services.

Quiz 31: Shaping and Schedules of Reinforcement: A Comprehensive Guide