Question 1

Mr.Johnson is a 60-year-old Caucasian.He has a BMI of 36.His cholesterol screening revealed: LDL 172 mg/dL, HDL 30 mg/dL, and total cholesterol 250 mg/dL.Which of the following lifestyle changes should he implement?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Johnson should implement a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet and an exercise program to help manage his high LDL and total cholesterol levels, as well as improve his HDL levels and overall cardiovascular health.

Question 2

Moderate consumption of alcohol can reduce the risk of CHD by

Accepted Answer

Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, which is considered "good" cholesterol and can help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Question 3

Clinical trials have shown that approximately _____ gram(s) of plant sterols per day can lower LDL cholesterol by up to 15 percent.

Accepted Answer

Clinical trials have shown that consuming approximately 2 grams of plant sterols per day can lower LDL cholesterol by up to 15 percent.

Question 4

The Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) recommendation for total fat intake is _____ percent of daily kcalories in order to promote a healthy blood cholesterol and lipoprotein profile.

Accepted Answer

The TLC diet recommends that total fat intake should be 25-35% of daily calories to help manage cholesterol levels and promote heart health.

Question 5

Which of the following hasn't been proven to independently help lower the risk of CHD?

Accepted Answer

While increasing HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is generally considered beneficial for heart health, it has not been conclusively proven to independently lower the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) as effectively as other measures like weight loss, smoking cessation, and increased physical activity.

Question 6

Mr.Bidwell, age 68, suffered an MI six weeks ago.On his clinic visit he tells you he has been trying to manage his diet.You ask him to describe a typical dinner.Mr.Bidwell probably understands his dietary instructions if he describes a dinner of

Accepted Answer

A dinner of turkey, cranberry sauce, steamed vegetables, and angel food cake is low in saturated fats and cholesterol, which is suitable for someone managing their diet after a myocardial infarction (MI).

Question 7

Based on the limited data provided, which of the following individuals has the lowest risk for developing CHD?

Accepted Answer

A 45-year-old woman who is 5'2" and weighs 125 lbs is likely to have a healthy BMI, and without additional risk factors mentioned, she has a lower risk for CHD compared to the other options.

Question 8

_____ dietary fat is shown to have the strongest effect on blood cholesterol levels and TLC's recommendation is that it contribute less than _____ percent of total kcalories.

Accepted Answer

Saturated fat has the strongest effect on raising blood cholesterol levels, and the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) diet recommends that it contribute less than 7% of total calories.

Question 9

Mr.Goldman is a 55-year-old Caucasian who has suffered an MI.His total cholesterol level is 242 mg/dL, LDL is 172 mg/dL, HDL is 35 mg/dL, and triglycerides are 400 mg/dL.Which statement by Mr.Goldman suggests some accurate recall of dietary instructions for lowering his cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding saturated fats is a key dietary recommendation for lowering cholesterol levels, as they can raise LDL cholesterol.

Question 10

The effect of diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids is a(n)

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 fatty acids are known to decrease serum triglycerides, which can help in reducing the risk of heart disease.

Question 11

Which of the following is a CHD risk equivalent, which carries the same risk for a major coronary event as established CHD?

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes is considered a CHD risk equivalent because it carries a similar risk for coronary events as established coronary heart disease.

Question 12

The American Heart Association recommends eating at least _____ servings of fatty fish per week for CHD risk reduction.

Accepted Answer

The American Heart Association recommends eating at least 2 servings of fatty fish per week to help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Question 13

Mr.Johnson is a 60-year-old Caucasian.He has a BMI of 36.His cholesterol screening revealed: LDL 172 mg/dL, HDL 30 mg/dL, and total cholesterol 250 mg/dL.Mr.Johnson's LDL and HDL cholesterol are classified as _____, respectively.

Accepted Answer

Mr. Johnson's LDL level of 172 mg/dL is considered high, and his HDL level of 30 mg/dL is considered low according to standard cholesterol level classifications.

Question 14

High intakes of carbohydrates (> 60% of total kcalories) cause triglyceride levels to _____ and HDL cholesterol to _____.

Accepted Answer

High carbohydrate intake can lead to increased triglyceride levels and decreased HDL cholesterol levels due to the body's metabolic response to excess carbohydrates.

Question 15

A source of omega-3 fatty acids is

Accepted Answer

Fish oil and flaxseeds are both sources of omega-3 fatty acids, while peanuts are not a significant source.

Question 16

Mr.Johnson is a 60-year-old Caucasian.He has a BMI of 36.His cholesterol screening revelaed: LDL 172 mg/dL, HDL 30 mg/dL, and total cholesterol 250 mg/dL.From the above information, what is Mr.Johnson's risk of CHD?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Johnson has several risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD): he is 60 years old, has a high BMI (obesity), high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, and high total cholesterol, all of which contribute to a very high risk of CHD.

Question 17

The American Heart Association recommends that all adults participate in at least _____ minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most days of the week.

Accepted Answer

The American Heart Association recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, which averages to about 30 minutes on most days.

Question 18

Martha has been advised to limit trans fats in her diet.Which of the following snack foods would this include?

Accepted Answer

French fries are often cooked in oils that contain trans fats, which are known to be unhealthy and should be limited in the diet.

Question 19

For what length of time should a person with a high risk of CHD try to lower LDL cholesterol with a trial of Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) before considering drug therapy?

Accepted Answer

A person with a high risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) should try to lower LDL cholesterol with a trial of Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) for 3-6 months before considering drug therapy. This period allows sufficient time to assess the effectiveness of lifestyle modifications.

Question 20

Which of the following is a good source of fiber that will help reduce blood lipids?

Accepted Answer

Barley and oats are both good sources of soluble fiber, which has been shown to help reduce blood lipids.

Quiz 27: Cardiovascular Diseases