Question 1

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example owhat type ofallacy?
In high school I didn't have to study at all and I earned good grades in all my classes, so I'm sure I don't need to study to do well in my college classes.

Accepted Answer

This statement is an example of an invalid analogy fallacy because it incorrectly assumes that success in high school without studying will automatically translate to success in college without studying, ignoring the significant differences between high school and college academic environments.

Question 2

The bandwagon fallacy

Accepted Answer

The bandwagon fallacy occurs when an argument assumes that something is good, correct, or desirable simply because it is popular. This fallacy appeals to the popularity of a premise as a reason for accepting it as true.

Question 3

When committing the fallacy ofalse cause, a speaker assumes

Accepted Answer

The fallacy of false cause, also known as post hoc ergo propter hoc, occurs when it is assumed that because one event follows another, the first event is the cause of the second. This ignores other possible causes or the possibility that the events are unrelated.

Question 4

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
Both omy roommates drink at least three cans osoda every day and neither othem is overweight, so all those studies that link soda consumption to obesity must be wrong.

Accepted Answer

The statement makes a hasty generalization by concluding that all studies linking soda consumption to obesity are wrong based on the limited observation of only two individuals. This ignores broader statistical evidence and other factors that could influence obesity.

Question 5

When reasoning from specific instances, a persuasive speaker should be especially careful to avoid the fallacy of

Accepted Answer

When reasoning from specific instances, a speaker may incorrectly assume that what is true for some cases is true for all cases, leading to a hasty generalization. This fallacy occurs when a conclusion is drawn from an inadequate sample size or from atypical examples.

Question 6

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following passage?
Home sales were 30 percent higher in the summer o2011, when temperatures averaged 95 degrees, than they were in the summer o2010, when the average temperature was only 83 degrees. Clearly, then, hot temperatures make people more inclined to buy a house.

Accepted Answer

The error in reasoning is attributing the increase in home sales to the rise in temperature without considering other factors that could have influenced the sales, which is a classic example of a false cause fallacy.

Question 7

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
My Volkswagen constantly needs repairs, and so does my roommate's Mazda. We can see, then, that all foreign cars are unreliable.

Accepted Answer

The statement makes a hasty generalization by concluding that all foreign cars are unreliable based on only two examples. This is a logical fallacy where a broad conclusion is drawn from a small or unrepresentative sample.

Question 8

In her speech arguing for the elimination opennies from the U.S. money supply, Susan demonstrated that her plan will work by showing that a similar plan worked when the U.S. eliminated the halpenny in 1857. What kind oreasoning did Susan use in her argument?

Accepted Answer

Susan used analogical reasoning by comparing the elimination of the halfpenny in 1857 to her proposal to eliminate pennies, suggesting that because the elimination of the halfpenny was successful, a similar outcome could be expected for pennies.

Question 9

What kind oreasoning is used in the following statement?
Local control othe school system is the most effective way to educate our children. Therefore, local control othe health care system is the most effective way to maintain the health oour citizens.

Accepted Answer

The statement uses analogical reasoning by drawing a parallel between the effectiveness of local control in the education system and proposing that similar local control would be effective in the health care system.

Question 10

According to your textbook, a fallacy is a

Accepted Answer

A fallacy is defined as an error in reasoning, which means it is a flaw in the structure or process of forming an argument that leads to a conclusion that is not logically justified by the premises.

Question 11

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
I always wear my blue sweater when I take an exam, but I couldn't find it yesterday. II had worn it yesterday, I would not have flunked my accounting exam.

Accepted Answer

The statement incorrectly assumes that wearing a blue sweater is the cause of success in exams, which is a classic example of a false cause error in reasoning. This logical fallacy occurs when someone assumes that because two events occur together, one must be the cause of the other without sufficient evidence to support that conclusion.

Question 12

According to your textbook, an error in reasoning is called a

Accepted Answer

A fallacy is a mistake in reasoning or argumentation, often due to incorrect logic or misleading premises.

Question 13

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
The New England Journal oMedicine has discovered that countries that consume the most chocolate have produced over time the greatest number oNobel Prize winners. Therefore, iyou want to increase your chances owinning a Nobel Prize, you should eat plenty ochocolate.

Accepted Answer

The error in reasoning is attributing the correlation between chocolate consumption and Nobel Prize winners to a causal relationship, which is a classic example of a false cause fallacy. This fallacy occurs when it is assumed that because two things occur together, one must be the cause of the other without sufficient evidence to support such a conclusion.

Question 14

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example owhat type ofallacy?
There can't be anything wrong with cheating on exams i75 percent ocollege students do it.

Accepted Answer

This statement is an example of the bandwagon fallacy, which argues that something is true, right, or good because many or most people believe it or do it.

Question 15

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
A random survey o20 adults coming out osubway stations in New York City revealed that 16 considered owning a car to be olittle importance. Clearly, 80 percent oAmericans don't care much about owning cars.

Accepted Answer

The error is a hasty generalization because the conclusion about all Americans is drawn from a small, specific sample (20 adults in New York City), which may not be representative of the entire population.

Question 16

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc, meaning "after this, therefore because othis," is a fallacy associated with _________ reasoning.

Accepted Answer

The post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy is associated with causal reasoning, where it is incorrectly assumed that if one event follows another, the first event must have caused the second.

Question 17

The fallacy ohasty generalization occurs when a speaker

Accepted Answer

Hasty generalization occurs when a conclusion is drawn from too few instances (B) or from atypical cases (C).

Question 18

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement?
Recent studies have shown that hurricanes with female names result in more deaths and injuries than hurricanes with male names. So ithe next hurricane to come your way is named Mary, you can be sure it will be worse than one named Mark.

Accepted Answer

The statement assumes a causal relationship between the name of a hurricane and its severity, which is a false cause fallacy. The name of a hurricane does not influence its impact.

Question 19

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example owhat type ofallacy?
The United States is one oonly four countries in the world with a minimum legal drinking age o21. Clearly, then, we should change our drinking age.

Accepted Answer

This statement is an example of a bandwagon fallacy, which suggests that something should be done because it is popular or because a majority is doing it. The argument implies that since most countries have a lower drinking age, the United States should follow suit, appealing to the popularity of the practice rather than providing a logical reason for changing the law.

Question 20

The following statement is an example oreasoning from _________
This program was implemented in Philadelphia two years ago and has provided housing for more than 2,000 people at little cost to the city. Iit can work there, it can work here, too.

Accepted Answer

The statement uses the success of a program in Philadelphia as a basis to argue that a similar program could be successful elsewhere, which is an example of reasoning by analogy.

Quiz 17: Methods Opersuasion

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example owhat type ofallacy? In high school I didn't have to study at all and I earned good grades in all my classes, so I'm sure I don't need to study to do well in my college classes.

The bandwagon fallacy

When committing the fallacy ofalse cause, a speaker assumes

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? Both omy roommates drink at least three cans osoda every day and neither othem is overweight, so all those studies that link soda consumption to obesity must be wrong.

When reasoning from specific instances, a persuasive speaker should be especially careful to avoid the fallacy of

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? My Volkswagen constantly needs repairs, and so does my roommate's Mazda. We can see, then, that all foreign cars are unreliable.

In her speech arguing for the elimination opennies from the U.S. money supply, Susan demonstrated that her plan will work by showing that a similar plan worked when the U.S. eliminated the halpenny in 1857. What kind oreasoning did Susan use in her argument?

What kind oreasoning is used in the following statement? Local control othe school system is the most effective way to educate our children. Therefore, local control othe health care system is the most effective way to maintain the health oour citizens.

According to your textbook, a fallacy is a

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? I always wear my blue sweater when I take an exam, but I couldn't find it yesterday. II had worn it yesterday, I would not have flunked my accounting exam.

According to your textbook, an error in reasoning is called a

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example owhat type ofallacy? There can't be anything wrong with cheating on exams i75 percent ocollege students do it.

What error in reasoning is exemplified by the following statement? A random survey o20 adults coming out osubway stations in New York City revealed that 16 considered owning a car to be olittle importance. Clearly, 80 percent oAmericans don't care much about owning cars.

Post hoc, ergo propter hoc, meaning "after this, therefore because othis," is a fallacy associated with _________ reasoning.

The fallacy ohasty generalization occurs when a speaker

According to your textbook, the following statement is an example owhat type ofallacy? The United States is one oonly four countries in the world with a minimum legal drinking age o21. Clearly, then, we should change our drinking age.

The following statement is an example oreasoning from _________ This program was implemented in Philadelphia two years ago and has provided housing for more than 2,000 people at little cost to the city. Iit can work there, it can work here, too.