Question 1

Cultural differences, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, and sexual orientation all affect the unspoken rules for acceptable and expected behavior called

Accepted Answer

Social norms are the unspoken rules for acceptable and expected behavior within a particular society or culture, and they can vary based on factors such as age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, and sexual orientation. Cultural laws and universal norms refer to more formalized codes of conduct that are enforced by governing bodies or recognized across different cultures, respectively. "Cultural relational behaviors" is not a commonly used term in this context.

Question 2

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic approach, founded by Sigmund Freud, often views human nature through a lens that emphasizes unconscious conflicts, motivations, and somewhat negative or pessimistic aspects of personality development. This contrasts with more positive or neutral views of human nature found in other psychological approaches.

Question 3

Rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups are called

Accepted Answer

Social norms are the rules and expectations that guide behavior within a particular society or group. These can include things like how to dress, speak, interact with others, and behave in public. Cultural laws and universal norms may also exist, but they are not as specific to a particular group as social norms are. Cultural relational behaviors is not a commonly used term in social science.

Question 4

Which of the following perspectives in psychology takes an interactionist view of human nature and emphasizes that behavior is related to the environment within which a person is born, grows up, and lives from day to day?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective in psychology takes an interactionist view of human nature and considers behavior to be related to the environment within which a person is born, grows up, and lives from day to day. It emphasizes the cultural, social, and historical factors that contribute to psychological development and behavior.

Question 5

Taylor believes his behavior is guided by his own self-image and that he has the power to control his own fate and reach his full potential.Taylor has adopted which psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

Taylor's belief about his own self-image and control over his fate aligns with the humanistic perspective, which focuses on personal growth, potential, and self-actualization. Humanistic psychologists emphasize the importance of individual experiences, personal responsibility, and self-awareness in shaping behavior and achieving one's full potential.

Question 6

The study of human strengths, virtues, and optimal behavior is called __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

The study of human strengths, virtues, and optimal behavior is the focus of positive psychology. Psychodynamic psychology focuses on the unconscious mind and early life experiences, while sociocultural psychology studies the influence of culture and society on behavior. Cognitive psychology studies mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem-solving.

Question 7

Which view within the psychological perspective sees behavior as the result of hidden, clashing forces within one's personality?

Accepted Answer

The psychodynamic perspective, developed by Sigmund Freud, sees behavior as the result of hidden, clashing forces within one's personality, such as unconscious desires and conflicts between the id, ego, and superego.

Question 8

Dr.Maxwell is conducting research to determine how a person's subjective well-being is affected by his or her goals, choices, values, emotions, and personality.Dr.Maxwell's research would fit under which psychological approach?

Accepted Answer

Dr. Maxwell's research on subjective well-being fits under the positive psychology approach, which focuses on understanding and promoting positive aspects of human experience such as happiness, well-being, and satisfaction with life. Positive psychology emphasizes the importance of personal goals, values, emotions, and personality traits in contributing to one's subjective well-being.

Question 9

Inspired by the humanists, which type of psychology focuses on our potential for optimal functioning and addresses such topics as love, happiness, creativity, well-being, self-confidence, and achievement?

Accepted Answer

Positive psychology focuses on exploring and enhancing the positive aspects of human experience, such as positive emotions, strengths, virtues, and optimal functioning. This approach is inspired by the humanistic perspective, which emphasizes the importance of personal growth, self-awareness, and self-actualization. Positive psychology addresses topics such as love, happiness, creativity, well-being, self-confidence, and achievement, and seeks to promote resilience, thriving, and flourishing in individuals and communities.

Question 10

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativity is the understanding and appreciation of cultural differences and the ability to view client behavior through the lens of their cultural background. Taking cultural beliefs and values into account before beginning therapy is an important aspect of culturally sensitive and competent practice. Social accommodation refers to the process of changing one's own behavior to fit in with a different culture. Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others. Cultural assimilation refers to the process of adopting the mainstream culture and giving up one's own cultural beliefs and practices.

Question 11

Which perspective focuses on subjective, conscious experience, human problems, potentials, and ideals and emphasizes one's self-image and self-actualization?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasizes subjective, conscious experience, human problems, potentials, and ideals. It focuses on self-image and self-actualization, which refers to the process of fulfilling one's potential and becoming the best version of oneself. This perspective is different from behaviorism, which emphasizes observable behavior, and psychodynamic theory, which emphasizes unconscious thoughts and experiences. While cognitive psychology also focuses on subjective experience and mental processes, it is more concerned with how people acquire, process, and apply information.

Question 12

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic approach views human nature in a positive and philosophical light, emphasizing individual potential for growth and self-actualization. The psychodynamic approach emphasizes unconscious conflicts and drives, which may not necessarily have a positive or negative view of human nature. The behaviorist approach emphasizes the role of external factors in shaping behavior, and may have a more negative view of human nature as being highly driven by environmental influences. The cognitive approach emphasizes the role of thinking and perception in shaping behavior, and similarly holds a positive and philosophical view of human nature, emphasizing the potential for growth and development.

Question 13

Your client, Linda, who is a Native American, tells you that spirits live in the trees near her home.To be an effective counselor, you will need to judge Linda's behavior in relation to the values of the Native American culture.This example illustrates the idea of

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativity is the idea that a person's culture should be considered in the evaluation of their behavior and beliefs, rather than judging them based on the counselor's own cultural values (ethnocentrism). In this scenario, an effective counselor would need to understand and respect Linda's Native American culture and beliefs about spirits living in trees.

Question 14

Sandra claims that Antoine's anxiety originates from unresolved sexual conflicts residing in his unconscious.Sandra's interpretation of Antoine's condition is consistent with the __________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Sandra's interpretation of Antoine's anxiety originating from unresolved sexual conflicts in his unconscious aligns with the psychodynamic perspective, which emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts, early childhood experiences, and repressed emotions in shaping an individual's behavior and mental health. The behaviorist perspective focuses on observable behavior, the humanistic perspective emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, and the cognitive perspective examines the role of thought processes and beliefs in shaping behavior and mental health.

Question 15

Regarding psychology and cultural diversity, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement that the interactionist view of human nature is referred to as the evolutionary perspective is false. The interactionist view is a perspective in psychology that emphasizes the combined influence of genetic and environmental factors on human behavior. The evolutionary perspective, on the other hand, focuses on the role of natural selection and adaptation in shaping behavior.

Question 16

Which of the following statements about social norms is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Age, disability, and sexual orientation are factors that have been shown to influence social norms. They can affect how individuals are expected to behave and how they are perceived by others.

Question 17

A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic

Accepted Answer

Psychodynamic psychologists believe that behavior is directed by unconscious forces within one's personality, which can include repressed memories, desires, and emotions. They often explore early childhood experiences and the influence of the unconscious mind on behavior.

Question 18

Which psychology has gained prominence in recent years as researchers have devised ways to objectively study covert behaviors, such as thinking, memory, language, problem-solving, consciousness, and creativity?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychology has gained prominence in recent years as it focuses on studying covert behaviors, such as thinking, memory, language, problem-solving, consciousness, and creativity. This approach has become possible due to the development of advanced research techniques and technology that can objectively measure these behaviors. Psychodynamic psychology (B), which focuses on uncovering unconscious motivations and childhood experiences, has been around for decades but has not gained prominence in recent years. Structuralism (C) is an early school of psychology that focused on breaking down conscious experiences into their basic components, but it is not as relevant today. Humanistic psychology (D) focuses on how people can reach their full potential and is not directly related to studying covert behaviors.

Question 19

Which of the following perspectives is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural perspective views human nature as neutral and interactionist, focusing on how social and cultural factors influence behavior.

Question 20

The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs is called

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativity is the belief that behavior should be evaluated against the norms and values of the culture in which it occurs, rather than by the standards of another culture. It recognizes the diversity of cultural practices and beliefs and avoids ethnocentric judgments.

Quiz 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Cultural differences, age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disability, and sexual orientation all affect the unspoken rules for acceptable and expected behavior called

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Rules that define acceptable and expected behavior for members of various groups are called

Which of the following perspectives in psychology takes an interactionist view of human nature and emphasizes that behavior is related to the environment within which a person is born, grows up, and lives from day to day?

Taylor believes his behavior is guided by his own self-image and that he has the power to control his own fate and reach his full potential.Taylor has adopted which psychological perspective?

The study of human strengths, virtues, and optimal behavior is called __________ psychology.

Which view within the psychological perspective sees behavior as the result of hidden, clashing forces within one's personality?

Dr.Maxwell is conducting research to determine how a person's subjective well-being is affected by his or her goals, choices, values, emotions, and personality.Dr.Maxwell's research would fit under which psychological approach?

Inspired by the humanists, which type of psychology focuses on our potential for optimal functioning and addresses such topics as love, happiness, creativity, well-being, self-confidence, and achievement?

Taking your clients' cultural beliefs and values into account when making diagnoses and before beginning therapy illustrates the importance of

Which perspective focuses on subjective, conscious experience, human problems, potentials, and ideals and emphasizes one's self-image and self-actualization?

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Your client, Linda, who is a Native American, tells you that spirits live in the trees near her home.To be an effective counselor, you will need to judge Linda's behavior in relation to the values of the Native American culture.This example illustrates the idea of

Sandra claims that Antoine's anxiety originates from unresolved sexual conflicts residing in his unconscious.Sandra's interpretation of Antoine's condition is consistent with the __________ perspective.

Regarding psychology and cultural diversity, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following statements about social norms is FALSE?

A psychologist whose viewpoint is psychodynamic

Which psychology has gained prominence in recent years as researchers have devised ways to objectively study covert behaviors, such as thinking, memory, language, problem-solving, consciousness, and creativity?

Which of the following perspectives is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

The idea that behavior must be judged relative to the values of the culture in which it occurs is called