Question 1

Which contemporary view of behavior is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the activity of genetics, the endocrine system, and one's physiology?

Accepted Answer

The biopsychological view is considered reductionistic and mechanistic because it seeks to explain behavior through the activity of genetics, the endocrine system, and one's physiology. The behaviorist view focuses solely on the relationship between behavior and the environment, while the psychodynamic view emphasizes unconscious conflicts and early experiences. The humanistic view emphasizes free will and self-actualization.

Question 2

Regarding contemporary trends in psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?​

Accepted Answer

While behaviorism may not be as dominant as it once was, it still remains a significant perspective in psychology today and has not disappeared entirely. The other statements are true.

Question 3

Which contemporary view in psychology sees behavior in terms of the mental processing of information?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive view in psychology focuses on how mental processes such as perception, memory, and reasoning influence behavior. It sees behavior as the result of the processing of information by the individual.

Question 4

Which contemporary view in psychology advocates that human and animal behavior is the result of internal physical and chemical mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

The biopsychological view in psychology asserts that human and animal behavior is shaped by internal physical and chemical mechanisms in our bodies such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and genetics. This perspective emphasizes the biological basis of behavior and the importance of studying the brain and nervous system in understanding human and animal behavior.

Question 5

Which contemporary view of behavior is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the process of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

The contemporary view of behavior that is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the process of natural selection is the evolutionary perspective. This perspective emphasizes the role of genetics and natural selection in shaping behavior and can be seen as reductionistic in that it seeks to explain complex behavior in terms of simple, adaptive processes.

Question 6

In describing how a person arrives at a decision, a psychology professor explains to his class that "the mind is very much like a computer and that decision-making involves input, processing, storage, and output." This professor is emphasizing which view of behavior?

Accepted Answer

The professor's emphasis on input, processing, storage, and output is characteristic of the cognitive view of behavior, which focuses on mental processes such as perception, memory, and reasoning.

Question 7

Regarding diversity in psychological research, which of the following statements is FALSE?​

Accepted Answer

This statement is false because having a disproportionate number of participants from one ethnic group does not necessarily mean that the results of the study are completely invalidated. However, it can limit the generalizability of the findings and make it difficult to draw conclusions that are relevant to other ethnic groups.

Question 8

According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT one of the three broad perspectives that shape modern psychology?

Accepted Answer

The three broad perspectives that shape modern psychology are biological, psychological, and sociocultural. Therapeutic is not considered a separate perspective, but rather the application of psychological principles to help individuals with mental health issues.

Question 9

According to your textbook, which view of human behavior is NOT considered a part of the psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

The sociocultural view is not considered a part of the psychological perspective because it emphasizes the impact of society, culture, and social interactions on human behavior, rather than focusing on individual psychological processes.

Question 10

Although functionalism and Gestalt psychology have blended into newer, broader perspectives,which school of thought in psychology has disappeared entirely?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism has largely disappeared as a distinct school of thought in psychology, having been replaced by more comprehensive and integrative approaches to studying human behavior and mental processes.

Question 11

Regarding contemporary trends in psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. During the early days of psychology, there were often clashes between theoretical views and disagreements over theories. Today, while there may be some loyalty to certain schools of thought, psychologists are more likely to use an eclectic approach that draws from multiple perspectives.

Question 12

Biopsychologists and others who study the brain and nervous system, such as biologists and biochemists, form the broader field of

Accepted Answer

Biopsychologists, biologists, and biochemists all study different aspects of the nervous system and brain, all of which are encompassed in the field of neuroscience. Evolutionary psychology and cognitive science may be related, but they do not fully encompass the study of the nervous system and brain. Ethnology is the study of cultures and human societies, and is not directly related to the study of the brain and nervous system.

Question 13

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Accepted Answer

The behaviorist approach is known for its neutral and scientific perspective, often being viewed as somewhat mechanistic in its understanding of human behavior. The psychodynamic approach tends to focus on unconscious processes and unresolved childhood conflicts, leading to a more complex and nuanced view of human nature. The humanistic approach emphasizes the inherent goodness and potential for growth in individuals, and the cognitive approach focuses on the role of thoughts and mental processes in shaping behavior, both leading to more positive and optimistic views of human nature.

Question 14

Psychologists who advocate the evolutionary view explain behavior through

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who advocate the evolutionary view believe that behavior evolves through the process of natural selection, in which adaptations that enhanced survival and reproduction in ancestral environments became more prevalent in future generations.

Question 15

Which contemporary view in psychology sees behavior as being shaped and controlled by one's environment?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorist psychology is the contemporary view that sees behavior as being shaped and controlled by one's environment through classical and operant conditioning. It emphasizes the importance of environmental factors in shaping behavior, rather than internal mental processes.

Question 16

Latoya's mother has established a reward system in which Latoya earns one gold star for each chore she completes each day.If she earns 25 stars by the end of the week, Latoya's mother will take her to play at the "fast food restaurant's" playground for two hours.Latoya's mother is using which psychological approach?

Accepted Answer

Latoya's mother is using a behaviorist approach by providing a reward (gold stars) for completing chores, which is an example of positive reinforcement. This approach focuses on how behavior is shaped and reinforced by consequences.

Question 17

The contemporary view in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the effects of learning and stresses the influence of external rewards and punishments is the __________ view.

Accepted Answer

The contemporary view in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the effects of learning and stresses the influence of external rewards and punishments is the behaviorist view. This view is associated with the works of B.F. Skinner, who believed that behavior is shaped by the consequences that follow it. This approach rejects the emphasis on internal mental processes and instead focuses on the observable and measurable aspects of behavior.

Question 18

If a study has a disproportionate number of Caucasian participants in comparison to other ethnic groups, this disproportion

Accepted Answer

A disproportionate number of participants from one ethnic group may reflect a lack of diversity in the sample and limit the generalizability of the results to other populations. It is important to have a diverse sample to ensure that the results can be applied to a broader population. However, this does not necessarily invalidate the results completely, as the study may still provide valuable insights into a particular phenomenon or population.

Question 19

Psychologists who advocate the biopsychological view

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who advocate the biopsychological view attempt to explain behavior in terms of physical processes, such as brain chemistry and genetics. They focus on the interaction between biological and psychological factors in explaining behavior.

Question 20

Which broad perspective in modern psychology seeks to explain behavior in terms of brain processes, evolution, and genetics?

Accepted Answer

The biological perspective in modern psychology seeks to explain behavior in terms of the underlying brain processes, evolution, and genetics. This perspective focuses on the ways in which biological factors, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and brain structures, influence behavior, cognition, and emotion. It also considers how human behavior has been shaped by evolution and how genetic predispositions may contribute to certain behaviors or psychological disorders.

Quiz 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science

Which contemporary view of behavior is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the activity of genetics, the endocrine system, and one's physiology?

Regarding contemporary trends in psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?​

Which contemporary view in psychology sees behavior in terms of the mental processing of information?

Which contemporary view in psychology advocates that human and animal behavior is the result of internal physical and chemical mechanisms?

Which contemporary view of behavior is considered reductionistic and mechanistic and seeks to explain behavior through the process of natural selection?

In describing how a person arrives at a decision, a psychology professor explains to his class that "the mind is very much like a computer and that decision-making involves input, processing, storage, and output." This professor is emphasizing which view of behavior?

Regarding diversity in psychological research, which of the following statements is FALSE?​

According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT one of the three broad perspectives that shape modern psychology?

According to your textbook, which view of human behavior is NOT considered a part of the psychological perspective?

Although functionalism and Gestalt psychology have blended into newer, broader perspectives,which school of thought in psychology has disappeared entirely?

Regarding contemporary trends in psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Biopsychologists and others who study the brain and nervous system, such as biologists and biochemists, form the broader field of

Which of the following psychological approaches is matched correctly to its view of human nature?

Psychologists who advocate the evolutionary view explain behavior through

Which contemporary view in psychology sees behavior as being shaped and controlled by one's environment?

The contemporary view in psychology that emphasizes the study of observable behavior and the effects of learning and stresses the influence of external rewards and punishments is the __________ view.

If a study has a disproportionate number of Caucasian participants in comparison to other ethnic groups, this disproportion

Psychologists who advocate the biopsychological view

Which broad perspective in modern psychology seeks to explain behavior in terms of brain processes, evolution, and genetics?

Regarding contemporary trends in psychology, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Regarding diversity in psychological research, which of the following statements is FALSE?