Question 1

Which of the following summarize observations, explain these observations, allow prediction, and guide future research?

Accepted Answer

Good theories summarize observations, explain these observations, allow prediction, and guide future research.

Question 2

In which section of their research report would the researchers describe their research question regarding whether women talk more than men and then provide background information on this topic by reviewing prior studies on this subject?

Accepted Answer

The introduction section is typically where researchers describe their research question and provide background information by reviewing prior studies on a particular topic.

Question 3

If there were not theories in psychology, the situation might be characterized as

Accepted Answer

Without theories, psychology would consist of numerous isolated facts without a unifying framework to connect and make sense of them.

Question 4

Kelly is writing a paper on conformity for her psychology class.In order to find the research articles she needs for the paper, the first step for her would be to get an overview of each of the articles that come up in her computer search.She should first read which part of each article?

Accepted Answer

The abstract is a concise summary of the research article and provides an overview of the study's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. Reading the abstract can give Kelly an idea whether the article will be relevant for her paper.

Question 5

Four developmental psychologists have been conducting separate research into the patterns of language development of deaf children.They meet in Chicago to discuss, summarize, and, hopefully, interrelate their conclusions from their published works and propose future research on this topic.Within the framework of the scientific method, these psychologists would most likely be

Accepted Answer

Since the psychologists already have published works on the topic, they are not proposing a hypothesis (A) or conducting hypothesis testing (B). They may be operationally defining terms (C) during their discussion, but the main focus is on summarizing and interrelating their conclusions to propose future research, which falls under theory building (D).

Question 6

An industrial-organizational psychologist conducts an experiment to determine whether having control over difficult tasks reduces stress for game designers and finds this explanation to be true.Drawing on the results of similar experiments, this psychologist explains these overall findings by creating a

Accepted Answer

The psychologist explains the overall findings by creating a theory, which is a broad explanation or conceptual framework that explains a phenomenon based on empirical evidence from various experiments.

Question 7

A researcher would disseminate the results of his or her study to the scientific community during which element of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Disseminating the results of a study to the scientific community is done through publishing the results, which is part of the dissemination and communication phase of the scientific method.

Question 8

In which section of their research report did Conlon and his colleagues describe how they assigned participants to one of three weight loss groups (goal-focused, achievement-focused, and no-focus control)?

Accepted Answer

In research reports, the section where the research methodology is described is usually called the Method section. This section describes the participants, materials, procedures, and methods of analysis used in the study, including how participants were assigned to different groups.

Question 9

In their research report published in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Conlon and his colleagues described their research question regarding whether goal-focused or achievement-focused dieters would lose more weight, and they provided background information on their topic by reviewing prior studies on motivation and weight loss.This part of their research report is called the

Accepted Answer

The part of the research report described is the introduction, which typically includes a review of prior studies and a statement of the research question. The results section reports the findings of the study, the method section describes the procedures used, and the discussion section interprets the results in light of prior research and implications for future research.

Question 10

The results of psychological studies are published in professional journals because scientific information must always be

Accepted Answer

Psychological studies should be publicly available for several reasons. First, it helps to advance scientific progress by allowing other researchers to build upon previous findings. Second, it promotes transparency and accountability in the field. Finally, it allows members of the public to access and understand the latest scientific information.

Question 11

Dr.Johan read the results of a study on conversational patterns of men and women that was conducted with college student participants.He decides to repeat this experiment using middle-aged and older adults.Dr.Johan's study would be considered a(n)

Accepted Answer

Dr. Johan's study is considered a replication because he is repeating the experiment using a different population (middle-aged and older adults) to see if he gets similar results as the original study done with college student participants.

Question 12

In which section of the research report did Dr.Trenton list the specific procedures he used to gather data in his study?

Accepted Answer

The specific procedures used to gather data are typically listed in the method section of a research report.

Question 13

Research reports begin with a very brief summary of the study and its findings.This is known as the

Accepted Answer

The abstract is a brief summary of the study and its findings, usually consisting of around 150-250 words. It provides an overview of the research question, methodology, results, and conclusions, allowing readers to quickly assess the relevance and significance of the study. The introduction provides background information and context for the study, while the methods section describes the design and procedures of the study. The discussion review is a section that analyzes and interprets the results in light of previous research and theoretical frameworks. Therefore, the best choice is A as it describes the brief summary of the study and its findings.

Question 14

Which section of a research report provides background information by reviewing prior studies on the same or related topics to the current one being investigated?

Accepted Answer

The introduction section of a research report provides background information by reviewing prior studies on the same or related topics to the current one being investigated.

Question 15

Conlon and his colleagues conducted an experiment and found that goal-focused individuals lost more weight than did either achievement-focused or no-focus control individuals.These researchers also found that goal-focused individuals were more committed to reaching their goal weights.They interpreted their results as consistent with the findings of other studies on motivation and relevant to the design of health intervention programs.At this point in their research, Conlon and his associates are

Accepted Answer

Conlon and his associates are interpreting their results in the context of existing studies and considering the implications for health interventions, which aligns with theory building.

Question 16

In a scholarly article in the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, Conlon and his colleagues described the question they investigated, the methods they used, and the results of their study comparing goal-focused and achievement-focused dieters.This part of the scientific method is referred to as

Accepted Answer

The part of the scientific method being referenced is the publishing of results. This is indicated by the fact that the researchers are describing the question they investigated, the methods they used, and the results of their study.

Question 17

Which section of a research report tells how and why observations were made and describes the specific procedures used by the researchers to gather data?

Accepted Answer

The method section of a research report describes the specific procedures used by the researchers to gather data and explains how and why observations were made.

Question 18

A psychologist wishes to repeat an experiment in a rural school that was originally conducted in an urban school setting.In order to repeat the specific procedures used to gather the data, this psychologist should pay close attention to which section of the original research report?

Accepted Answer

The method section of a research report outlines the specific procedures and methods used to gather data. In order to repeat an experiment, the psychologist would need to closely review this section to ensure they are using the same procedures as the original study. The introduction provides background information and the rationale for the study, the results section presents the findings, and the discussion section interprets the results and connects them to the broader literature.

Question 19

The results of a study become more credible when other researchers

Accepted Answer

Replicating a study means carrying out the same study again or carrying out a similar study with the same methods to check whether the results are consistent. When other researchers replicate the study and find similar results, it increases the credibility of the original study as it suggests that the findings are not just a fluke.

Question 20

Theory building is important in psychology because it

Accepted Answer

Theory building provides explanations for phenomena and guides future research, which allows for a deeper understanding of the subject matter being studied. It does not necessarily prevent empiricism, reduce the need for hypothesis testing, nor rely heavily on naturalistic observation.

Quiz 1: Psychology, Critical Thinking, and Science