Question 1

Scientific management, which uses task analysis and job specialization, is also called

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientific management, which uses task analysis and...

Question 2

Theory X leadership would tend to emphasize all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Theory X leadership emphasizes control, close supervision, and efficiency in getting work done. It doesn't focus on psychological factors such as motivation, job satisfaction, and individual development. Therefore, psychological efficiency is not an emphasized factor in Theory X leadership.

Question 3

Which of the following would NOT be a topic of special interest to industrial/organizational psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Advertising falls more under the domain of marketing and communication specialists rather than industrial/organizational psychologists who typically focus on areas such as leadership, task design, and interviewing.

Question 4

Which of the following was known for developing an approach for improving worker efficiency that came to be known as scientific management?

Accepted Answer

Fredrick Taylor is known for developing an approach for improving worker efficiency that came to be known as scientific management.

Question 5

Industrial plant managers who conduct time-and-motion studies and task analyses, and who use assembly lines and pay schedules to improve productivity, probably believe in

Accepted Answer

The practices mentioned in the question are associated with Theory X leadership, which assumes that employees are lazy and need to be closely monitored, controlled, and motivated through punishment and reward systems. This leadership approach emphasizes productivity and efficiency over employee satisfaction and engagement. Time-and-motion studies, task analyses, assembly lines, and pay schedules all aim to maximize output and minimize costs, which aligns with the Theory X perspective.

Question 6

A psychologist who is interested in studying how flexible work scheduling affects job satisfaction would most likely be a(n)__________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists study and advise on issues related to the workplace, including job satisfaction, productivity, and employee well-being. Therefore, a psychologist studying how flexible work scheduling affects job satisfaction would most likely fall under this category. Consumer psychologists study consumer behavior and attitudes, clinical psychologists focus on mental health and well-being, and biodata psychologists analyze and predict job performance based on biographical information.

Question 7

Which of the following would NOT be a topic of special interest to industrial/organizational psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Market research is not a topic of special interest to industrial/organizational psychologists. While market research may be important for businesses in general, it falls more under the realm of marketing and business strategy rather than the specific focus of industrial/organizational psychology, which is on the behavior and well-being of employees within organizations. The other choices - absenteeism, pay schedules, and management styles - are all topics that directly affect employee behavior and well-being in the workplace, and therefore are of interest to industrial/organizational psychologists.

Question 8

Which of the following would be a topic of special interest to industrial/organizational psychologists?

Accepted Answer

Industrial/organizational psychologists study human behavior in the workplace, with a focus on improving organizational productivity and employee well-being. All three options, leadership, machine design, and job enrichment, are areas of interest to industrial/organizational psychologists. Leadership involves understanding and developing effective management practices, machine design considers the ergonomic design of technology to enhance human performance, and job enrichment aims to improve job satisfaction and performance by making work more challenging and fulfilling.

Question 9

Versions of Fredrick Taylor's approach to improve worker efficiency are referred to as scientific management, or __________ leadership.

Accepted Answer

Fredrick Taylor's approach to improve worker efficiency is often referred to as scientific management, which emphasizes on breaking down tasks into smaller parts and finding the most efficient way to complete them. This approach is often associated with Theory X leadership, which assumes that workers need to be closely monitored and directed in order to be productive.

Question 10

In order to cut costs due to an economic downturn in the company, Craig has increased quotas and the number of hours that full-time employees work, while relegating a majority of the workers to part-time status with a cut in their benefits.Craig is most concerned with

Accepted Answer

Craig is primarily focused on increasing work efficiency by cutting costs through increased quotas and reduced benefits for part-time employees. This indicates a focus on productivity and cost-effectiveness rather than the more people-oriented approaches of Theory Y leadership or psychological efficiency. There is no indication that management by objectives is driving Craig's decisions in this scenario.

Question 11

According to family therapist and rabbi Edwin Friedman, which of the following can be thought of as "the capacity to define oneself to others in a way that clarifies and expands a vision of the future"?

Accepted Answer

According to Edwin Friedman, leadership can be defined as "the capacity to define oneself to others in a way that clarifies and expands a vision of the future." This aligns with traditional definitions of leadership as the ability to inspire and guide others towards a common goal or vision. Self-esteem refers to one's confidence and self-worth, self-actualization refers to the process of fulfilling one's potential, and integrity refers to adherence to moral principles and honesty. While these concepts may relate to leadership, they do not capture the specific idea of expanding a vision of the future to others.

Question 12

Which of the following is typical of Theory X leadership?

Accepted Answer

Theory X leadership assumes that employees are lazy, dislike work, and require strict supervision. Therefore, job specialization, where specific tasks are assigned to workers and closely monitored by management, is typical of Theory X leadership. Participative management (A) and worker autonomy (B) are more aligned with Theory Y leadership, which assumes that employees are self-motivated and seek responsibility. Management by objectives (C) is a management approach that can be used with either Theory X or Theory Y leadership.

Question 13

Theory X leadership has been used to refer to an approach also known as

Accepted Answer

Theory X leadership is associated with scientific management, which emphasizes efficiency, control, and the belief that employees are driven by external rewards and punishment. It is a more rigid and autocratic style of leadership compared to participative management and job enrichment.

Question 14

One of the earliest attempts to improve worker efficiency was made in 1923 by an engineer who sped up production by standardizing work routines and by stressing careful planning, control, and orderliness.This engineer was

Accepted Answer

The engineer described in the question is likely referring to Fredrick Taylor, who is often credited as the father of scientific management. He advocated for standardizing work methods, breaking down tasks into smaller parts, and closely supervising workers.

Question 15

Managers who assume that workers must be coerced or goaded into being productive typically use __________ techniques.

Accepted Answer

Theory X leadership assumes that workers must be coerced or threatened in order to achieve productivity, whereas Theory Y leadership assumes that employees are self-motivated and can be trusted to work towards common goals without constant supervision. Participative management and management by objectives are not necessarily tied to either Theory X or Theory Y, as they can be implemented in a variety of leadership styles.

Question 16

If, as a manager, you alter workers' time schedules, quotas, or bonuses, you are trying to affect

Accepted Answer

Altering workers' time schedules, quotas or bonuses indicates an attempt to affect work efficiency, that is, to improve workers' productivity and output of work.

Question 17

Which of the following is defined as maximum output at the lowest cost?

Accepted Answer

Maximum output at the lowest cost is related to work efficiency, which refers to the optimal use of resources to produce output. I/O quota refers to limitations on input or output, worker biodata is information about a worker's background or characteristics, and BMI is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. Therefore, the best choice is D, work efficiency.

Question 18

Today, versions of Fredrick Taylor's approach to improve worker efficiency by standardizing work routines and careful planning are referred to as

Accepted Answer

Fredrick Taylor's approach to improve worker efficiency by standardizing work routines and careful planning is referred to as scientific management.

Question 19

Jared is a psychologist who is studying the problems that people face at work that could lead to job stress and burnout.Jared is most likely a(n)__________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Jared's focus on workplace issues and job stress suggest that he is an industrial/organizational psychologist. Clinical psychologists typically work in mental health settings, while comparative psychologists study the behavior of different animals. Community psychologists focus on social issues and improving the well-being of individuals within their communities.

Question 20

Jack is a manager of a local company.He is always trying to come up with new work schedules and bonus incentives to encourage his workers to be more productive while cutting costs.Jack's leadership style would be classified as __________ leadership.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jack is a manager of a local...

Quiz 18: Applied Psychology.

Scientific management, which uses task analysis and job specialization, is also called

Theory X leadership would tend to emphasize all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following would NOT be a topic of special interest to industrial/organizational psychologists?

Which of the following was known for developing an approach for improving worker efficiency that came to be known as scientific management?

Industrial plant managers who conduct time-and-motion studies and task analyses, and who use assembly lines and pay schedules to improve productivity, probably believe in

A psychologist who is interested in studying how flexible work scheduling affects job satisfaction would most likely be a(n) __________ psychologist.

Which of the following would NOT be a topic of special interest to industrial/organizational psychologists?

Which of the following would be a topic of special interest to industrial/organizational psychologists?

Versions of Fredrick Taylor's approach to improve worker efficiency are referred to as scientific management, or __________ leadership.

In order to cut costs due to an economic downturn in the company, Craig has increased quotas and the number of hours that full-time employees work, while relegating a majority of the workers to part-time status with a cut in their benefits.Craig is most concerned with

According to family therapist and rabbi Edwin Friedman, which of the following can be thought of as "the capacity to define oneself to others in a way that clarifies and expands a vision of the future"?

Which of the following is typical of Theory X leadership?

Theory X leadership has been used to refer to an approach also known as

One of the earliest attempts to improve worker efficiency was made in 1923 by an engineer who sped up production by standardizing work routines and by stressing careful planning, control, and orderliness.This engineer was

Managers who assume that workers must be coerced or goaded into being productive typically use __________ techniques.

If, as a manager, you alter workers' time schedules, quotas, or bonuses, you are trying to affect

Which of the following is defined as maximum output at the lowest cost?

Today, versions of Fredrick Taylor's approach to improve worker efficiency by standardizing work routines and careful planning are referred to as

Jared is a psychologist who is studying the problems that people face at work that could lead to job stress and burnout.Jared is most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.

Jack is a manager of a local company.He is always trying to come up with new work schedules and bonus incentives to encourage his workers to be more productive while cutting costs.Jack's leadership style would be classified as __________ leadership.