Question 1

"Okay, your recital is next Saturday night," Candy reminded her piano student. "You're doing great but for the next couple of days, I want you to practice by starting with the middle third of the piece until you've got it down perfectly." As apiano teacher, Candy is trying to help her student counteract which of the following memory tendencies?

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Okay, your recital is next Saturday night,"...

Question 2

Tara is giving Patrick directions to her house so he can cometo the party being held there tonight. Patrick's ability to recall the directions in the proper order is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Serial recall refers to the ability to remember items or information in the order in which they were presented. In this case, Patrick needs to remember the directions in the proper order to get to Tara's house, which is an example of serial recall. The primacy and recency effects refer to the tendency to remember items at the beginning or end of a list better than items in the middle, and imagination inflation refers to the phenomenon of remembering false details or events that were imagined or suggested.

Question 3

After living in Canada for many years, Shu Fang returned fora visit to Seoul, Korea. As she walked through then eighborhood in which she had grown up, her mind was flooded with memories of her childhood. The environment alcues that helped trigger Shu Fang's memories illustrate:

Accepted Answer

The context effect refers to how environmental cues can impact our memory retrieval. In this case, the neighborhood in which Shu Fang grew up served as a contextual cue that triggered memories from her childhood.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle?

Accepted Answer

The encoding specificity principle states that recall is better when the retrieval context matches the encoding context. Mood congruence is an example of this principle because people tend to remember information better when their mood at retrieval matches their mood at encoding, demonstrating the importance of context in memory retrieval. Imagination inflation, long-term potentiation, and source confusion are not examples of the encoding specificity principle.

Question 5

While trying to recall a list of items in correct order, the tendency to remember the first items in the list is called _____while the tendency to remember the last items in the list is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect refers to the tendency to better remember the initial items in a list, while the recency effect refers to the tendency to better remember the last items in a list. The other options are unrelated to this phenomenon.

Question 6

Although Morgan had practiced her speech several times, she had trouble remembering the middle part of the speech when she gave it in speech class. This pattern of forgetting illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect refers to the tendency to remember the first and last items on a list, but forget the middle items. This is exactly what is happening to Morgan in her speech, as she is having trouble remembering the middle part of her speech. Prospective memory failure, anterograde amnesia, and proactive interference do not fit this scenario as well.

Question 7

Janette was absolutely certain that she knew the name of the fundamentalist religious group that was involved in the standoff with the FBI in Waco, Texas, almost two decades ago,but she could not think of the name of the group. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

This is an example of a tip-of-the-tongue experience, where someone knows information but cannot recall it at the moment.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a common strategy used to test for recall of information from long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Source monitoring is not a strategy used to test for recall of information from long-term memory. The other three options - recognition, free recall, and cued recall - are commonly used strategies to test for recall of information from long-term memory.

Question 9

When she studies for her humanities tests, Kelly always goes to the classroom where the humanities class is held. By studying in the same setting where she'll take the test, Kelly is trying to use _____ to her advantage.

Accepted Answer

The context effect refers to the phenomenon where environmental cues can influence recall and recognition of information. By studying in the same classroom where she will take the humanities test, Kelly is attempting to use the context as a cue to help her retrieve information during the test.

Question 10

Tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experiences:

Accepted Answer

TOT experiences tend to be more common among older adults than younger adults.

Question 11

The _____ is especially prominent when you have to engage ina serial recall task, such as remembering a list of items in their original order.

Accepted Answer

The primacy effect refers to the tendency to remember items at the beginning of a list more easily than those in the middle or end. It is particularly pronounced in serial recall tasks, where participants are asked to recall items in their original order. This is because the first items are processed and encoded more deeply and have more opportunities for rehearsal, leading to stronger memory traces.

Question 12

This multiple-choice test question is a good example of using_____ to test long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

Recognition is the process of identifying information that has been previously learned, which requires long-term memory. In this multiple-choice test question, the individual must recognize the correct answer from a set of options, indicating the use of recognition to test long-term memory. Free recall, cued recall, and chunking all involve actively retrieving information from memory, rather than simply recognizing it from a set of options.

Question 13

Following the death of his father, Scott was extremely despondent for several weeks. During this time, Scott seemedto dwell on other unpleasant memories and other sad experiences in his life. Scott's recall of other sad memories isan example of:

Accepted Answer

Mood congruence refers to the tendency to remember experiences that are consistent with one's current emotional state. In this case, Scott's despondency is causing him to focus on other sad memories, which is an example of mood congruence.

Question 14

The critical factor in the context effect is the influence of:

Accepted Answer

The context effect is influenced by external environmental cues, which can include physical surroundings or social situations. These cues can shape and influence our perception and memory of a certain event or information. The other choices (distributed memory traces, imagination inflation, schemas vs scripts) are related to other psychological phenomena and are not directly relevant to the context effect.

Question 15

While Aaron was waiting for a prescription to be filled, he called Kate to see if she wanted him to pick up anything while he was at the grocery store. To his surprise, Kate rattled offten different items she wanted him to buy. Aaron forgot two items in the middle of the list. Aaron's pattern of forgetting illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The serial position effect is the tendency to remember the first and last items on a list better than the middle items. Aaron's forgetting of the two items in the middle of the list is an example of the serial position effect at work.

Question 16

Tip-of-the-tongue experiences underscore that:

Accepted Answer

Tip-of-the-tongue experiences suggest that information in our long-term memory is organized and connected in relatively logical ways. When we experience a tip-of-the-tongue moment, it means that we are unable to retrieve a particular piece of information despite knowing that it is stored in our memory. However, we may still be able to access related information that is connected to the target memory. This supports the idea that our memories are not isolated pieces of information but rather are interconnected networks of knowledge.

Question 17

During a Trivial Pursuit game, Seth was trying to think of the name of John Lennon's wife. "Yanni? Yo-yo? no, that's not it.I'm sure I'll think of …. Wait, I remember! It was Yoko Ono!That was John Lennon's wife!" This example illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The experience Seth is having is known as a tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) experience, where a person knows that they know the information but can't quite recall it. This is a common phenomenon and has been studied by researchers. The misinformation effect refers to when a person's memory is altered by exposure to misleading information. The déjà vu experience is the feeling of having experienced a situation or event before, even though it is new. Flashbulb memory is a vivid and detailed memory of a significant event, often with strong emotional content. None of these apply to Seth's situation.

Question 18

Jean was extremely happy that she had finally passed the CPAexam and had landed a great job with a big accounting firm.As she was celebrating with family and friends, Jean recalled several other happy memories in her life. Jean's recall of other happy memories is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Jean's recall of other happy memories is an example of mood congruence, where her positive mood from passing the CPA exam is affecting her ability to recall other happy memories.

Question 19

Users of American Sign Language sometimes experience the phenomenon of not being able to retrieve a particular signwhen they feel sure that they know the sign. This phenomenonin users of sign language is called:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Users of American Sign Language sometimes experience...

Question 20

When the conditions of information retrieval are similar to the conditions of information encoding, memory retrieval is more likely to be successful. This statement reflects the basic idea of:

Accepted Answer

The encoding specificity principle suggests that retrieval is most successful when the environmental cues present during retrieval match those present during encoding. This principle is reflected in the statement that when the conditions of information retrieval are similar to the conditions of information encoding, memory retrieval is more likely to be successful.

Quiz 6: Memory