Question 1

No single program is likely to emerge as being effective in preventing any delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Many programs have been developed and shown to be effective in preventing various forms of delinquency, with research indicating that multifaceted approaches tailored to specific needs and contexts can significantly reduce delinquency rates.

Question 2

Prior offending history is more indicative of recidivism after completing a restorative justice program than type of offense.

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that prior offending history is a stronger predictor of recidivism than the type of offense committed, even after completing a restorative justice program. This is due to the fact that individuals who have a history of offending are more likely to continue engaging in criminal behavior unless they receive intensive supervision and support.

Question 3

Research has shown that participation in the D.A.R.E. program during elementary school has no effect on later alcohol use, cigarette smoking, or marijuana use in the 12th grade, although it may deter a small amount of the use of illegal and more deviant drugs such as inhalants, cocaine, and LSD among teenage males.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects the findings of multiple studies on the effectiveness of the D.A.R.E. program. While it may have some limited impact on preventing the use of certain drugs, it generally does not have a significant long-term effect on overall substance use behaviors.

Question 4

______ courts focus on social issues that emerge in the traditional court system but that cannot be adequately dealt with through traditional court means and sanctions.

Accepted Answer

Therapeutic courts (or problem-solving courts) focus on addressing underlying issues such as mental health, substance abuse, or poverty that contribute to criminal behavior. They provide alternatives to traditional punishment and seek to rehabilitate offenders while also reducing recidivism. Teen and juvenile courts typically deal specifically with youth offenders, while drug courts focus on substance abuse issues. Therefore, the best choice is C) Therapeutic.

Question 5

The earlier intervention can be introduced, the lesser the opportunity to change the behavior of a juvenile offender.

Accepted Answer

Early intervention can significantly increase the opportunity to change the behavior of a juvenile offender by addressing issues at an early stage, thus preventing the escalation of criminal behavior.

Question 6

Radical nonintervention refers to the idea that the primary target for delinquency policy should be neither the individual nor the local community setting, but rather the delinquency-defining processes themselves.

Accepted Answer

Radical nonintervention focuses on changing the systems and structures that lead to delinquency rather than targeting individuals or local communities.

Question 7

The concept of restorative justice may make sense for young middle-class offenders involved in minor first offenses but may be totally irrelevant for those living in the most crime-ridden areas.

Accepted Answer

Restorative justice focuses on repairing harm and restoring relationships, which may be less relevant for offenders who live in areas with high crime rates and may have experienced significant trauma and disadvantage.

Question 8

Juvenile drug court programs reduce crime by lowering rearrest and conviction rates among graduates of the court.

Accepted Answer

According to research studies, juvenile drug court programs have been found to reduce crime by lowering the rearrest and conviction rates among graduates of the court.

Question 9

Programs oriented toward reforming society have been quite ______ in terms of the results produced, depending on whether results are measured in terms of alleviating educational, occupational, and economic difficulties or in terms of reducing delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Programs oriented toward reforming society have been...

Question 10

In most cases, we wait until a juvenile comes into official contact with the system before an attempt is made to modify the behavior that has, by the time contact becomes official, been more or less ingrained.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Most interventions for juvenile delinquency occur after the youth has already entered the juvenile justice system, rather than attempting to prevent delinquent behaviors before they occur.

Question 11

Inherent in the multifaceted problems of delinquency and child abuse prevention is the fact that these behaviors have roots in the basic social conditions of the society.

Accepted Answer

Delinquency and child abuse prevention require addressing and improving the underlying social conditions of a society, such as poverty, inequality, and lack of access to resources and support systems. Simply addressing the individual behaviors without addressing these underlying social conditions may not result in long-term success in prevention efforts.

Question 12

Research on the teen courts' ability to reduce recidivism has shown many positive results.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research on the teen courts' ability to...

Question 13

The agencies of the juvenile justice system that are established to correct delinquent behavior often contribute to its occurrence even as they try to cope with it.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. Research has shown that the punitive measures taken by the juvenile justice system, such as detention and incarceration, can actually increase the likelihood of reoffending. Additionally, the system often fails to address underlying issues such as poverty, family instability, and mental health problems that contribute to delinquent behavior.

Question 14

The extent to which any results can be attributed to a specific program is extremely easy to measure.

Accepted Answer

It is difficult to measure the exact extent to which any results can be attributed to a specific program, as there may be multiple factors affecting the outcome. Proper control groups and careful analysis can help to estimate program impact, but there is always some degree of uncertainty.

Question 15

Esbensen and Osgood (1999) found that students who participated in the GREAT program were no less likely to join gangs and had a decrease in gang-related knowledge.

Accepted Answer

Esbensen and Osgood (1999) actually found that students who participated in the GREAT program had a lower likelihood of joining gangs and had an increase in pro-social behaviors. This statement is incorrect.

Question 16

Much of the money intended for juveniles with problems ends up in ______, and many of the personnel hired to help supervise, train, and educate these juveniles are tied up in dealing with administrative red tape.

Accepted Answer

Salaries are the most likely destination for money intended for juveniles with problems, as they are the largest expense for any organization.

Question 17

Increased attention and research on bullying is not warranted in contemporary schools.

Accepted Answer

Increased attention and research on bullying is warranted in contemporary schools because bullying can have serious negative effects on students' mental health, academic performance, and social relationships. By studying and addressing bullying, schools can create safer and more supportive environments for all students.

Question 18

Programs directed toward pure prevention may, unintentionally, lead juveniles to be labeled earlier by identifying them at an earlier stage and are called ______.

Accepted Answer

Net widening occurs when programs that are aimed at prevention end up identifying and labeling more individuals as offenders than they would have been otherwise. This can happen when programs cast a wider net in identifying potential offenders, resulting in more individuals being targeted and labeled. Diversion refers to the process of diverting individuals away from the traditional justice system and into alternative programs. Crime expansion and radical nonintervention are not related to the concept of net widening.

Question 19

To rehabilitate the juvenile, it is necessary to deal with more than the act of delinquency that brought the youth to the attention of the justice system.

Accepted Answer

Rehabilitating a juvenile requires addressing the underlying issues and factors that led to their delinquent behavior, such as family problems, peer pressure, lack of education, and psychological issues. Simply punishing the act of delinquency is not sufficient for rehabilitation.

Question 20

The public is frequently hesitant to finance ______ programs because they have no immediately visible payoffs.

Accepted Answer

Prevention programs often lack immediately visible payoffs, making the public hesitant to finance them, as their benefits are typically realized in the long term rather than immediately.

Quiz 10: Prevention and Diversion Programs