Question 1

Your little sister picks up objects, feels every part of them, and then puts them in her mouth. What stage of Jean Piaget's model of cognitive development does this behavior suggest she is in?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your little sister picks up objects, feels...

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of sensorimotor intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Crawling towards a desired parent is a physical action that involves the use of senses and motor skills, which is the definition of sensorimotor intelligence. The other choices involve more advanced cognitive abilities that develop later in childhood and adolescence.

Question 3

Anna, a 1-year-old, fears being away from her mother. It appears that Anna has

Accepted Answer

Anna is demonstrating symptoms of separation anxiety, which is common in infants and young children. This is characterized by intense fear or distress when away from a primary caregiver, such as a mother. Attachment disorder, generalized anxiety, and Parten's syndrome are not appropriate diagnoses for Anna based on the given information. Stranger anxiety may also be present in Anna, but it is not the best choice as it does not encompass the entirety of her symptoms.

Question 4

A major cognitive advance made during the sensorimotor stage is the ability to

Accepted Answer

During the sensorimotor stage, infants develop the ability to create mental representations of objects that are not physically present. This is known as object permanence and is a major cognitive advance during this stage. Option A is incorrect because abstract and creative thinking develop much later during the formal operational stage. Option B is partially correct, as problem-solving using mental representation is an important skill developed during this stage, but it is not a major cognitive advance. Option C is incorrect since the understanding that the self is distinct from other people and objects does not develop until later in childhood. Option E is also incorrect because the ability to understand that changes in appearance do not mean that the object itself changes also develops later in childhood.

Question 5

Assimilation is to accommodation as

Accepted Answer

Assimilation refers to fitting new information into existing cognitive schemas, while accommodation involves altering existing schemas to fit new information. Therefore, using existing schemas (using) is to changing schemas (changing).

Question 6

A child that is just beginning to produce speechlike sounds is most likely in the ________ stage of speech production.

Accepted Answer

The babbling stage is characterized by the production of speechlike sounds in the absence of words. This typically occurs between 4 and 6 months of age. The telegraphic stage (A) and one-word stage (B) come later in development, when children begin to produce short phrases and then progress to producing longer sentences. Scaffolding (C) is a teaching technique used to support learning and does not refer specifically to a stage of speech production. The formal operational stage (E) is a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which refers to a period in adolescence when individuals can think abstractly and logically.

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

Telegraphic speech typically consists of only two or three words and is common in early language development. "Pet dog" fits this description.

Question 8

The two dynamic processes at work in cognitive growth, according to Piaget, are

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that cognitive growth is driven by the processes of assimilation, where new information is incorporated into existing mental schemas, and accommodation, where new schemas must be created or old ones adjusted to adapt to new information.

Question 9

The sentence "Ralphie eat cookie full" is an example of

Accepted Answer

The sentence "Ralphie eat cookie full" contains only essential words and leaves out smaller, grammatical words like "the" or "is". This type of speech is known as telegraphic speech and is typical of early language development.

Question 10

A child that says, "We eated pizza for dinner," has made the error of

Accepted Answer

The child has applied the regular past tense rule ("-ed" ending) to the irregular verb "eat", which is an example of overregularization.

Question 11

Young infants cannot appreciate the carnival game in which a pea seems to disappear from under a walnut because they have not yet developed a sense of

Accepted Answer

Object permanence refers to the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible or perceptible in some way. Without this understanding, infants would not be able to appreciate the illusion of the disappearing pea under the walnut, as they would not grasp that the pea is still present even though they cannot see it.

Question 12

Which type of attachment style is characterized by babies who do not seem to care very much whether the mother is present or absent and are equally comfortable with her and a stranger?

Accepted Answer

Babies with an avoidant attachment style do not seem to care very much whether the mother is present or absent and are equally comfortable with her and a stranger. They may actively avoid the mother or show little emotional response when she leaves or returns.

Question 13

Because Michelle has a concept of what happens in a restaurant, Piaget would say that Michelle has

Accepted Answer

Piaget emphasized the importance of schemas, or mental representations of concepts, in the development of cognitive processes. In this scenario, Michelle's understanding of what happens in a restaurant is an example of a schema - specifically, a restaurant schema.

Question 14

Assimilation is said to occur when a child

Accepted Answer

Assimilation is the process of incorporating new information into existing cognitive schemas or structures. This means that the child modifies the new information to fit what is already known, rather than updating or changing existing schemes (C) or adding increasingly more symbolic representations of outer reality (B). Believing that an object exists even if it can't be seen at that moment (A) has to do with object permanence, which is a separate cognitive development milestone. Forgetting information that has not been accessed recently (E) is the result of decay or interference, which is also different from assimilation.

Question 15

Like any 4-month-old, Amy depends on her parents to feed her and to change her diapers. When Amy cries, her devoted parents quickly respond to her needs. According to Erikson, Amy should develop a sense of ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the first stage is trust vs. mistrust. Infants who have their needs met consistently by responsive caregivers develop a sense of trust in the world, while those whose needs are not met may develop a sense of mistrust. Therefore, since Amy's devoted parents respond to her needs, she should develop a sense of trust.

Question 16

The first stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory involves an infant's need to

Accepted Answer

The first stage of Erikson's psychosocial theory is trust versus mistrust, where an infant's primary need is to develop a basic sense of trust in their environment. This trust is established through consistent and responsive caregiving, where the infant's needs are met. In this stage, the infant learns whether the world is a safe and reliable place or not. Therefore, choice A is the best answer.

Question 17

Rico is quite relaxed with his caregivers and is able to interact with strangers quite well. This is best explained by which form of attachment?

Accepted Answer

Rico's relaxed behavior with caregivers and ability to interact with strangers suggests that he has a secure attachment style. Securely attached individuals are comfortable exploring their environments with a caregiver present, are able to interact with strangers, and generally trust that their caregiver will provide comfort and support when needed.

Question 18

Ashani is 18 months old.mom leaves her at the babysitter's house, Ashani cries initially.ew moments, she stops crying because her mom is "out of sight and out of mind.g to Piaget, which period of cognitive development would Ashani be in?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, infants between the ages of birth to two years old are in the sensorimotor stage. During this stage, infants learn through sensory experiences and their motor skills, hence the name. Ashani's crying and then eventually stopping shows her understanding of object permanence, meaning that even though she cannot see her mother, she knows she still exists. This is a hallmark of the sensorimotor period.

Question 19

A child who has not mastered object permanence believes that

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that an object continues to exist even when it is out of sight. A child who has not mastered object permanence believes that a hidden object no longer exists, so the correct choice is D. The other choices are not related to object permanence.

Question 20

Susan becomes extremely upset when her mother leaves, grasping her leg and refusing to let go. When her mother returns, she is difficult to console and cries herself to the point of exhaustion. This is best explained by which form of attachment?

Accepted Answer

Susan's behavior is indicative of anxious-ambivalent attachment, characterized by intense distress when a caregiver leaves and difficulty being consoled upon their return, showing a mix of seeking and resisting contact.

Quiz 7: Development Over the Lifespan