Question 1

Plato's assumption that certain ideas are inborn is most directly relevant to the controversy regarding

Accepted Answer

Plato's assumption of inborn ideas implies that individuals possess innate knowledge or abilities, which supports the nature perspective in the nature vs. nurture debate. Plato's assumption that certain ideas are inborn suggests a belief in nature over nurture, or the idea that our abilities and traits are predetermined by genetics rather than influenced by our environment. This is directly relevant to the controversy regarding nature versus nurture.

Question 2

Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual preferences and behavior patterns. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The behavior genetics perspective focuses on how genetics and environmental factors contribute to behavior and individual differences. Professor Brody's attempt to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits (i.e. genetics) and social influences (i.e. environmental factors) aligns with this perspective. The behavior genetics perspective seeks to understand how our genes and environment interact to influence our behavior. Professor Brody's research on measuring the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual preferences and behavior patterns aligns with the interests of the behavior genetics perspective.

Question 3

In the context of debates over the origins of psychological traits, nature is to nurture as

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the context of debates over the...

Question 4

Smiling is to feeling as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Smiling is to feeling as ________ is...

Question 5

Professor Crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes. This viewpoint best illustrates the ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

The belief that women's preference for tall and physically strong partners is an evolutionary adaptation that promoted the survival of our ancestors' genes is consistent with the evolutionary perspective, which focuses on how natural selection has shaped behavior and mental processes based on their survival value. The belief that women prefer tall and physically strong partners due to the evolutionary advantage it provided for the survival of our ancestors' genes is consistent with the evolutionary perspective, which focuses on how behaviors and traits have evolved through natural selection over time.

Question 6

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.

Accepted Answer

Professor Lopez's belief that depression primarily results from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry suggests a focus on the biological factors that contribute to depression, lending support to a neuroscience perspective.  The other three options (psychodynamic, behavior genetics, and cognitive) do not directly address the biological and neurochemical underpinnings of depression. Professor Lopez's belief that imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry play major roles in depression aligns with the neuroscience perspective, which focuses on the biological and physiological factors that contribute to mental health disorders.

Question 7

Looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings is called

Accepted Answer

Introspection is the process of looking inward and reporting immediate sensations, images, and feelings. This approach was used in the development of psychology during the early 19th century by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers. Introspection is the process of looking inward and reporting one's immediate sensations, images, and feelings.

Question 8

Lissette wonders whether personality differences between her African-American and Asian-American friends result from biological or cultural influences. In this instance, Lissette is primarily concerned with the relative contributions of

Accepted Answer

Lissette's concern about the personality differences between her African-American and Asian-American friends suggests that she is interested in understanding how much of their personalities are due to biological factors (nature) versus cultural factors (nurture). Therefore, the relative contributions of nature and nurture are the primary concern in this situation. Lissette's concern about personality differences between her African-American and Asian-American friends suggests that she is questioning whether these differences are the result of biological factors (nature) or cultural factors (nurture), making option B the best choice. The other options (neuroscience and cognition, behavior and mental processes, and conscious and unconscious thoughts) do not directly relate to the issue of nature versus nurture.

Question 9

Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the

Accepted Answer

Functionalism was concerned with how mental processes help individuals adapt to their environment and overcome challenges. This school of thought emphasized the importance of conscious thoughts and emotions in guiding behavior, rather than focusing solely on observable behavior or unconscious motives. Functionalism was concerned with understanding the purpose or function of consciousness and behavior, rather than just the components of experience or unconscious motivations. Functionalists like William James believed that conscious thoughts and emotions must have some adaptive value or benefit for individuals, otherwise they would not have evolved through natural selection.

Question 10

One of the last century's most influential observers of children was the Swiss biologist

Accepted Answer

This question refers to a prominent observer of children, which points specifically to the field of developmental psychology. While all of the options listed were influential psychologists, only Jean Piaget was a biologist and specifically focused on the study of child development through his theories of cognitive development. The Swiss biologist referred to in the question is likely Jean Piaget, who is well-known for his extensive research on cognitive development in children. Piaget's theories and observations have had a significant impact on the field of developmental psychology and education, making him one of the most influential observers of children in the last century.

Question 11

Mrs. Alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result from his unconscious hatred of his own mother. Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a(n) ________ perspective.

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Alfieri is looking at her husband's behavior from a psychodynamic perspective, which emphasizes the role of unconscious conflicts and past experiences in shaping behavior. In this case, she is suggesting that her husband's behavior may be rooted in unresolved issues related to his relationship with his mother. Mrs. Alfieri's belief that her husband's behavior is rooted in unconscious conflicts from childhood is a key tenet of the psychodynamic perspective, which emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, and experiences in shaping behavior.

Question 12

Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires

Accepted Answer

A biopsychosocial approach takes into account the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to a person's difficulties, which is important in understanding the complexity of Janna's situation. Introspection and psychoanalysis may be helpful in exploring Janna's inner thoughts and feelings, but they do not necessarily address the external social factors that are impacting her self-esteem. Massed practice is a method of learning and is not relevant to Janna's situation. The best choice is a biopsychosocial approach because it takes into account the complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors that contribute to Janna's low self-esteem. This approach recognizes that Janna's weight and social experiences are just two of many variables that impact her well-being, and that a comprehensive treatment plan must consider all of these factors in order to be effective. Introspection and psychoanalysis are more focused on exploring internal psychological processes and may not take into account external factors, while massed practice is a behavioral intervention that would not address the underlying causes of Janna's low self-esteem.

Question 13

SQ3R is a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, ________, and review.

Accepted Answer

The fifth step of SQ3R is "review," which involves going back over the material and summarizing the important points to ensure understanding. The other answer choices (revise, reason, and research) do not accurately represent the final step of the SQ3R study method. The five steps of SQ3R are survey, question, read, retrieve, and review. The step of "retrieve" involves recalling and summarizing the information learned in the reading, and is essential to effective learning and retention.

Question 14

From the 1920s into the 1960s, American psychologists emphasized the study of

Accepted Answer

During this time period, American psychologists focused on observable behavior and the development of behaviorism. This approach emphasized the importance of studying behavior that could be directly observed and measured, rather than focusing on internal mental processes or subjective experiences. This led to the development of techniques such as operant conditioning and behavior modification, which are still used in clinical and therapeutic settings today. During the time period from the 1920s to the 1960s, American psychologists were primarily focused on observable behavior and behavioral psychology. This was in contrast to the earlier focus on conscious thoughts and feelings, and later emphasis on genetic influences and self-esteem.

Question 15

In the 1960s, the cognitive revolution in psychology involved a renewal of interest in the scientific study of

Accepted Answer

The cognitive revolution in psychology of the 1960s involved a renewed interest in the scientific study of mental processes, including attention, perception, language, problem-solving, and memory. This approach emphasized the importance of understanding how people think, reason, and process information, as opposed to simply observing their behavior. The cognitive revolution in psychology of the 1960s involved a renewed interest in the scientific study of mental processes, such as perception, attention, memory, language, and problem-solving. This focus on mental processes was a departure from the dominant behaviorist approach that preceded it, which focused on observable behavior and downplayed the study of mental processes.

Question 16

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's

Accepted Answer

Humanistic psychologists emphasized that individuals have the potential to grow and change in healthy ways, and they strove to understand the conditions that could promote this growth. They believed in the importance of conscious awareness and personal choice, rather than unconscious processes or predetermined genetic factors. Therefore, option D is the best choice as it accurately reflects the key emphasis of humanistic psychology. Humanistic psychology emphasizes the potential for healthy growth and self-actualization in individuals, focusing on their subjective experiences and personal meaning-making, rather than external influences like childhood memories or genetic predispositions.

Question 17

Rather than seeking to change people to fit their environments, ________ work to create social and physical environments that are healthy for all.

Accepted Answer

Community psychologists focus on understanding and improving social systems and creating positive change at a community level. They prioritize creating healthy environments for all individuals, rather than just focusing on individual change. Community psychologists focus on promoting well-being and preventing problems by creating healthy environments that support individuals and communities. They recognize that individual behavior and mental health are influenced by social and physical environments, and aim to improve these environments to improve overall mental health and wellness.

Question 18

The SQ3R study method emphasizes the importance of

Accepted Answer

The SQ3R study method stands for Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, and Review. The method emphasizes the importance of retrieving (R) information as a way to actively engage with the material and improve retention. The SQ3R study method stands for Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, and Review. The method emphasizes the importance of actively retrieving information from memory to reinforce learning.

Question 19

Innate ability is to learned skill as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Innate ability refers to qualities and skills that are present from birth, whereas learned skill is acquired through experience and training. Similarly, nature refers to the genetic and biological factors that contribute to an individual's abilities, while nurture refers to the environmental factors that shape an individual's development and learning. Thus, the relationship between innate ability and learned skill is analogous to the relationship between nature and nurture. Innate ability refers to natural talents or traits that a person is born with while learned skill refers to abilities developed through practice and experience. Similarly, nature refers to inherent qualities while nurture refers to the influence of environment and experience on development. Therefore, nature (innate ability) is to nurture (learned skill), just as in the same way, innate ability is to learned skill as nature is to nurture.

Question 20

For no apparent reason, Adam has recently begun to feel so tense and anxious that he frequently stays home from work. It would be best for Adam to contact a ________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists specialize in treating mental health disorders and would be best equipped to help Adam with his anxiety and possible diagnosis. Adam's symptoms suggest he is experiencing a mental health concern, so the best choice would be a clinical psychologist who specializes in diagnosing and treating psychological disorders. Developmental, personality, and biological psychologists might also be able to offer insights, but they may not have the expertise needed to address Adam's specific situation.

Quiz 19: The Worth Video Anthology for Introductory Psychology