Question 1

As people experience positive emotions, an increase in brain activity is most evident in the

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that an increase in brain activity is most evident in the left frontal lobe during the experience of positive emotions. This area is associated with feelings of happiness and pleasure. Research has shown that positive emotions, such as happiness, are associated with increased activity in the left frontal lobe of the brain. This region is involved in the processing of positive emotions, motivation, and approach behaviors. Conversely, negative emotions are associated with increased activity in the right frontal lobe, which is involved in the processing of negative emotions, withdrawal behaviors, and avoidance. Therefore, the correct answer is option B) left frontal lobe.

Question 2

After being told that his parents have just been involved in a serious automobile accident, Bill is likely to experience an outpouring of

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone that is released during times of stress or fear. It is associated with the body's "fight or flight" response, and can cause physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, and shaking. In the scenario described, being told about his parents' accident would likely trigger this response in Bill. Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, is a hormone released during the fight-or-flight response which is triggered by stressful situations such as receiving news of a serious accident involving loved ones. Epinephrine prepares the body to react to the perceived threat by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration, while also redirecting blood flow to the muscles and away from the digestive system. This response helps individuals to either fight or flee from the perceived danger.

Question 3

Although inflammation helps fight infections, persistent inflammation heightens the risk of

Accepted Answer

Persistent inflammation can contribute to the development of asthma, clogged arteries (leading to cardiovascular disease), and depression. Therefore, option D is the correct answer as it includes all of these potential problems. Persistent inflammation is linked to numerous health problems, including asthma, clogged arteries, and depression, among others. Therefore, the best answer is D, all of these problems.

Question 4

Both the James-Lange and the two-factor theories of emotion maintain that

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both the James-Lange and the two-factor theories...

Question 5

Alexis suffers from a number of different allergies, which she treats with herbal remedies. The placebo effect is likely to lead her to ________ the value of these remedies, and the spontaneous remission of her allergic reactions is likely to lead her to ________ the value of those remedies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Alexis suffers from a number of different...

Question 6

After watching a video of his winning game shot in a high school basketball tournament, Jordan was easily persuaded to baby-sit his little sister while his parents went out for dinner. This best illustrates the

Accepted Answer

The feel-good, do-good phenomenon refers to our tendency to be more likely to help others when we are feeling happy and positive. Jordan's positive experience of winning the basketball game likely put him in a good mood and made him more willing to help out by babysitting his little sister. The feel-good, do-good phenomenon suggests that when we are feeling happy or good, we are more likely to engage in helpful or prosocial behaviors like baby-sitting for our sibling.

Question 7

An inexperienced pilot prepares for an emergency landing after her single-engine plane loses power. Her emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by

Accepted Answer

Increased blood sugar levels are a physiological response to stress and can help provide energy for the body during a crisis situation like an emergency landing. Decreased respiration, pupil constriction, and increased salivation are not typically associated with the physiological response to stress in this type of situation. In an emergency situation, the body's fight or flight response is triggered, causing an increase in adrenaline and other stress hormones. This leads to an increase in blood sugar levels, providing extra energy for the body to respond to the perceived threat. Option A is incorrect because decreased respiration is not likely in a stressful situation. Option B is incorrect because pupil constriction is not a typical response to emotional arousal. Option D is also incorrect because increased salivation is not a typical response to emotional arousal.

Question 8

Aerobic exercise is an effective way to

Accepted Answer

Aerobic exercise has been shown to lower the blood pressure reaction to stress. It does not reduce problem-focused coping or lymphocyte production, and it actually increases serotonin activity in the brain. Aerobic exercise has been shown to lower the blood pressure reaction to stress. Option A is incorrect because aerobic exercise has been shown to increase problem-focused coping. Option B is incorrect because aerobic exercise has been shown to increase lymphocyte production. Option C is incorrect because aerobic exercise has been shown to increase serotonin activity in the brain.

Question 9

Astrid was emotionally aroused by a TV horror movie. She became extremely angry when her younger brother momentarily blocked her view of the screen. When her movie viewing was interrupted by a phone call from her boyfriend, however, she experienced unusually intense romantic feelings. Astrid's different emotional reactions to her brother and her boyfriend are best explained by the

Accepted Answer

The two-factor theory proposes that emotions are composed of both physiological arousal and a cognitive interpretation of that arousal. In this case, Astrid's emotional reactions to her brother and her boyfriend are different because her cognitive interpretation of the physiological arousal (such as increased heart rate and breathing) varied in each situation. With her brother, her interpretation was anger, while with her boyfriend, it was intense romantic feelings. Astrid's different emotional reactions to her brother and her boyfriend can be best explained by the two-factor theory, which proposes that emotions are composed of both physiological arousal and cognitive interpretation or labeling of that arousal. In this case, Astrid experienced physiological arousal while watching the horror movie, and then interpreted it as anger when her brother interrupted her viewing, but interpreted the same arousal as romantic when talking to her boyfriend.

Question 10

By attacking the body's own tissues, an overly reactive immune system is most likely to cause

Accepted Answer

An overly reactive immune system can mistakenly attack the body's own tissues, leading to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. An overly reactive immune system can produce high levels of inflammation that attack the body's own tissues, leading to diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Question 11

After overcoming the initial shock of having her car stolen, Marlys calls the police for help and begins to 1.possible witnesses. At this point, Marlys is most likely in the ________ stage of the general adaptation syndrome.

Accepted Answer

In the resistance stage of the general adaptation syndrome, the body tries to adapt to the stressor. Marlys is actively seeking solutions and coping by calling the police and looking for witnesses, indicating she is in the resistance stage.

Question 12

As a member of the diplomatic corps, Alex was given special training in the customs, language, and religions of the nonindustrialized country where he would be living. However, Alex probably needed little training to correctly interpret his hosts' expressions of emotion as revealed by their

Accepted Answer

Facial expressions are universally recognized, and Alex would likely be able to interpret his hosts' expressions of emotion without much training. Body postures and hand gestures can vary greatly between cultures, and tones of voice may also be affected by language and cultural differences. Facial expressions are widely recognized as a universal language. Even in nonindustrialized societies where customs and languages may be different, people tend to use similar facial expressions to convey emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, and fear. Therefore, Alex likely needed little training to correctly interpret his hosts' expressions of emotion through their facial expressions.

Question 13

Captive animals are more vulnerable to disease than are wild animals. This is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

Captive animals are typically in an environment where they have limited control over their surroundings and are often exposed to stressors that can compromise their immune system. This makes them more vulnerable to diseases compared to wild animals who have adapted to their environment and have a stronger immune system. Captive animals have limited space and are often subjected to stress, which can lead to a perceived loss of control in their environment. This can weaken their immune systems and make them more vulnerable to disease.

Question 14

After breaking up with his girlfriend, Eric came down with a severe respiratory infection. His illness may have been exacerbated to a large extent by a(n) ________ in his body's production of ________.

Accepted Answer

The immune system is responsible for fighting off infections and illnesses, and lymphocytes are a type of immune cell that play a crucial role in this process. Studies have shown that stress can decrease the number and function of lymphocytes, making individuals more susceptible to infections. Eric's recent breakup likely caused him emotional stress, which may have contributed to a decrease in lymphocytes and his susceptibility to respiratory infection.

Question 15

Although stress does not create cancer cells, it may affect their growth by suppressing the activity of

Accepted Answer

Stress may suppress the activity of T lymphocytes, which play a crucial role in recognizing and destroying cancer cells in the body. This can result in impaired immune function and increased risk of cancer development or progression. Stress has been shown to suppress the activity of immune cells, including T lymphocytes, which play a role in recognizing and attacking abnormal cells, including cancer cells. This may allow cancer cells to grow and proliferate without being targeted by the immune system.

Question 16

Although newspapers reported that a murder victim had been stabbed with a knife, two police investigators knew that the actual murder weapon was a letter opener. While carefully monitoring the changes in heart rate and perspiration level of a prime suspect, the investigators asked him if he typically used a letter opener on his mail. The investigators were making use of the

Accepted Answer

The investigators are using a form of the guilty knowledge test, where they ask the suspect questions that only the perpetrator would know the answer to, in order to determine their guilt. By asking if the suspect typically uses a letter opener on their mail, they are trying to see if they have knowledge of the murder weapon without directly accusing them. This technique can be used to elicit a physiological response, such as an increase in heart rate or perspiration, which can indicate deception. The investigators are using the guilty knowledge test, which involves asking questions that only the guilty individual would know the answer to in order to determine their involvement in the crime. In this case, the investigators are trying to see if the suspect has knowledge that the murder weapon was a letter opener, which would suggest their guilt. The adaptation-level phenomenon, relative deprivation principle, and catharsis hypothesis do not apply to this scenario.

Question 17

Carroll Izard has suggested that love is a mixture of interest-excitement and

Accepted Answer

The answer of Carroll Izard has suggested that love is...

Question 18

After imagining and then writing about various tragedies, such as people being burned and disfigured, university women expressed increased

Accepted Answer

The article states that after imagining and writing about tragedies, the university women had an increased subjective well-being, suggesting that the exercise had a positive effect on their mental state. Writing about tragedies can be cathartic and help individuals process their emotions. It is likely that the act of writing helped the university women process their emotions, leading to increased subjective well-being. Fear, anger, and depression may have potentially decreased as a result of the writing exercise.

Question 19

Amanda is stressed out because she thinks she's too socially inept to make friends with her new classmates. Amanda best illustrates the debilitating effects of

Accepted Answer

Amanda's belief that she is too socially inept to make friends suggests a pessimistic outlook, which is a form of negative thinking that can be debilitating and hinder problem-solving abilities. Amanda's belief that she is socially inept and cannot make friends suggests she has a pessimistic outlook, which is a debilitating effect of stress.

Question 20

After Georgiana learns that a tornado has destroyed her house, her brain probably directed the outer part of her adrenal glands to react by

Accepted Answer

The outer part of the adrenal glands produces cortisol, which is a stress hormone that is released in response to a variety of stressors, including natural disasters like tornadoes. Cortisol helps the body cope with stress by increasing blood sugar levels, suppressing the immune system, and shifting metabolism to prioritize energy production. It is likely that Georgiana's brain would direct her adrenal glands to produce cortisol in response to the tornado. When the body experiences stress or a threat, the adrenal glands release the hormone cortisol. Cortisol helps to increase blood sugar levels and suppress immune system functioning in order to provide the body with the energy to respond to the stressor. In this case, the threat is the tornado destroying Georgiana's house, so it is likely that her body would release cortisol to help her cope with the stress of the situation.

Quiz 12: Motivation and Work