Question 1

Managers who excel at task leadership typically

Accepted Answer

Task leadership involves providing clear direction to subordinates to ensure that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively. Therefore, managers who excel at task leadership typically use a directive style, which involves providing specific instructions on what needs to be done and how to do it. Charisma and a democratic style may be useful in other leadership contexts, but they are not specific to task leadership. Discouraging performance appraisals is not related to task leadership at all. Managers who excel at task leadership typically use a directive style. This style involves providing clear instructions and guidance to employees, setting deadlines and expectations, and closely monitoring progress towards goals. The focus is on getting tasks done efficiently and effectively, rather than building relationships or involving employees in decision-making.

Question 2

Men are more likely to experience nocturnal emissions if they

Accepted Answer

Nocturnal emissions, commonly known as "wet dreams," occur when the body releases semen during sleep. This usually happens during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep, which is the stage of sleep when most dreaming occurs. Men who have not experienced orgasm recently are more likely to have nocturnal emissions because the body is naturally trying to expel any built-up semen. STIs and contraceptive use are not directly related to the occurrence of nocturnal emissions. Dream content, whether sexual or non-sexual, does not necessarily affect the likelihood of a nocturnal emission. Nocturnal emissions, also known as "wet dreams," are typically the result of sexual arousal during sleep. Men who have not experienced orgasm recently may be more prone to nocturnal emissions as the body undergoes an involuntary release of semen as a means of maintaining reproductive health. STIs and contraceptive use do not directly impact the likelihood of experiencing a wet dream, and dreams about nonsexual events would not typically cause sexual arousal leading to a wet dream.

Question 3

Julia is a highly skilled professional violinist. She often becomes so focused and energized by her challenging practice sessions that they last hours longer than she had planned. Her experience best illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

The answer of Julia is a highly skilled professional violinist....

Question 4

Motivation is defined by psychologists as

Accepted Answer

Motivation is a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal. This definition emphasizes the driving force behind behavior, rather than simply the cause. A is incorrect because it doesn't emphasize the energizing and directing aspects of motivation. B is incorrect because it suggests that everyone behaves in the same way, which is not true. D is partially correct but doesn't capture the full definition of motivation. Motivation is a driving force that energizes and directs behavior towards a goal or desired outcome. It is a need or desire that compels individuals to take action and persist in their efforts until the goal is achieved.

Question 5

Managers with a task-leadership style would be most likely to

Accepted Answer

Managers with a task-leadership style are focused on achieving the best results possible and are very goal-oriented. They are likely to remind employees of deadlines to ensure that tasks are completed on time and to the required standard. They are not concerned with closely monitoring individual employees, as they trust their employees to work independently and take responsibility for their work. Giving employees a high degree of freedom to develop their own work procedures would be more characteristic of a laissez-faire leadership style. Mediating conflicts between employees would be more characteristic of a transformational leadership style. Managers with a task-leadership style are focused on achieving specific goals and completing tasks efficiently. Reminding employees of exact deadlines is likely to be a priority for this style, as it ensures that work is completed on time and with the necessary level of quality.

Question 6

Leptin is a hunger-dampening hormone secreted by

Accepted Answer

Leptin is secreted by fat cells in response to the amount of fat storage in the body. It travels to the hypothalamus, where it helps regulate hunger and satiety. Leptin is secreted by fat cells, indicating the body's level of fat storage and sending signals to the brain about hunger and satiety.

Question 7

Most humans are genetically predisposed to

Accepted Answer

Research in the field of evolutionary psychology suggests that humans have a genetic predisposition to form close, enduring relationships with others. This trait is believed to have evolved because it increased the likelihood of survival and reproduction for our ancestors. This statement is supported by research in evolutionary psychology and the fact that humans are social animals who have relied on cooperation and social bonds for survival throughout our evolutionary history.

Question 8

More than a dozen national surveys in Europe and the United States indicate that about ________ percent of men are gay and about ________ percent of women are lesbian.

Accepted Answer

The answer of More than a dozen national surveys in...

Question 9

Maslow referred to the needs for purpose and meaning that lie beyond the self as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Maslow referred to the needs for purpose...

Question 10

Motivating workers to identify with and commit themselves to a group mission best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Transformational leadership focuses on inspiring and motivating followers to identify with the group mission and work towards a common goal. This type of leadership involves a high level of communication, collaboration, and empowerment. Transformational leadership emphasizes inspiring and motivating followers to go beyond their own self-interests in order to achieve a common goal or vision. Encouraging workers to identify with and commit to a group mission is a key aspect of this leadership style. A strengths-based selection system emphasizes identifying and utilizing the strengths of individual workers. 360-degree feedback involves gathering feedback from multiple sources, including peers and subordinates, about a worker's performance. A directive management style involves giving specific instructions and closely supervising workers.

Question 11

Judy found that her party guests ate less from a very large plate of cupcakes that were cut in half rather than whole. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

Unit bias refers to the tendency for people to consume a given unit of food as a serving, regardless of how large or small that unit may be. Cutting the cupcakes in half likely led guests to view them as two separate units and therefore eat less overall, demonstrating unit bias.

Question 12

Leaders with a vision for goals that they clearly communicate in a way that inspires their group to follow them are said to demonstrate

Accepted Answer

Charisma refers to a leader's ability to inspire and influence their followers through their personal characteristics and communication style. Leaders who have a clear vision for their goals and can communicate that vision in an inspiring way often possess charisma, which helps them to effectively lead their group towards achieving those goals. Grit refers to perseverance and persistence, performance appraisal refers to evaluation of employee performance, and human factors psychology relates to how people interact with technology and their environments. The ability to inspire and motivate a group to follow a certain vision is a key trait of charismatic leadership. Grit refers to perseverance and dedication towards achieving a goal, performance appraisal is a systematic way of evaluating an employee's work performance, and human factors psychology is the study of how individuals interact with technology and systems.

Question 13

Lower rates of pregnancy have been observed among teens who have

Accepted Answer

Participation in a service learning program as tutors or teachers' aides can provide teens with a sense of purpose and responsibility, which can lead to more responsible behaviors and decision making, including avoiding risky sexual activity. The other options do not have any evidence to suggest that they have an impact on teen pregnancy rates.

Question 14

Kamil, a 33-year-old lawyer, experiences premature ejaculation. Through behaviorally oriented therapy, he would most likely learn to minimize his problem by

Accepted Answer

Behaviorally oriented therapy for premature ejaculation typically involves teaching the individual techniques to control their urge to ejaculate, such as the start-stop technique, squeeze technique, or the use of condoms. Engaging in sexual activity less frequently or uncovering unconscious fears may be useful for other sexual disorders but are not typically used for treating premature ejaculation. Eliminating high levels of sexual guilt may be helpful but is not the primary focus of behavioral therapy for premature ejaculation. Behaviorally oriented therapy focuses on developing specific skills and techniques to control or modify specific behaviors, in this case premature ejaculation. Kamil would most likely learn ways to control his urge to ejaculate through strategies such as the squeeze technique, timed masturbation, and breathing techniques. Engaging in sexual activity less frequently or eliminating sexual guilt may not directly address the underlying issue of premature ejaculation. Uncovering unconscious fears may be part of therapy, but it is unlikely to be the primary focus.

Question 15

Leaders who set target dates for the completion of specific measurable goals best illustrate

Accepted Answer

Setting target dates for the completion of specific measurable goals is a key aspect of managing by objectives, which is a management approach that involves formulating specific objectives, measuring progress towards those objectives, and then rewarding individuals based on their achievements. Transformational leadership involves leaders inspiring and motivating followers to achieve a common goal, while 360-degree feedback involves soliciting feedback from multiple sources to provide a comprehensive view of a leader's strengths and weaknesses. The experience of flow refers to a state of optimal performance where individuals are fully engaged in an activity and lose a sense of time and self-consciousness. While goal-setting may be a component of flow, it is not necessarily the defining characteristic of this experience. Setting target dates for the completion of specific measurable goals is a key characteristic of managing by objectives (MBO) leadership approach. MBO involves setting specific goals and objectives that are measurable and achievable, and then developing plans to achieve those goals within a specific timeframe. By setting target dates for the completion of specific goals, leaders using MBO are able to monitor progress and adjust strategies as needed to ensure successful goal achievement.

Question 16

Men experience ________ frequent and ________ romantic fantasies about sex than do women.

Accepted Answer

Research has consistently shown that men report experiencing more frequent and more elaborate romantic fantasies about sex than women do. However, it is important to note that individual differences exist and not all men and women fit into these generalizations. Research has consistently found that men experience more frequent and more intense sexual fantasies than women. However, in terms of romantic fantasies, the gender difference is less clear and may depend on individual differences and cultural factors.

Question 17

Masters and Johnson identified orgasm as the ________ phase of the sexual response cycle.

Accepted Answer

Masters and Johnson identified four phases of the sexual response cycle: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Therefore, orgasm is the third phase. Masters and Johnson identified the sexual response cycle as consisting of four phases: excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. They identified orgasm as the third phase of the cycle.

Question 18

Many sexually active American adolescents fail to avoid pregnancy because

Accepted Answer

Many sexually active American adolescents struggle to avoid pregnancy because they are uncomfortable discussing contraception with their sexual partner. This discomfort can lead to inadequate or inconsistent use of contraceptives.

Question 19

Lack of body fluids is to cold water as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lack of body fluids is to cold...

Question 20

More than in other mammalian females, the sexual drive in human females is responsive to their ________ levels.

Accepted Answer

The answer of More than in other mammalian females, the...

Quiz 11: Intelligence