Question 1

Research on the causes of homosexuality suggests that

Accepted Answer

Research has found evidence of a genetic influence on sexual orientation. Studies on identical twins suggest that if one twin is gay, there is a 50% chance the other twin will also be gay, indicating a genetic predisposition. However, it is unlikely that a single gene determines sexual orientation, as environmental and societal factors also play a role. Research on the causes of homosexuality has shown that genetic influences play a role in determining sexual orientation. While some studies have suggested that early childhood experiences may contribute to the development of homosexuality, there is no evidence to support the idea that homosexuality arises from a fear of the opposite sex or that male homosexuality results from abnormally high levels of testosterone in the blood.

Question 2

Professor Lindstrom emphasizes that the motivation to eat involves the interactive influence of mood, basal metabolic rate, and cultural expectations regarding appropriate food consumption. The professor's emphasis best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The professor's emphasis on the interactive influence of mood, basal metabolic rate, and cultural expectations reflects a biopsychosocial approach, which considers the biological, psychological, and social factors that influence behavior. The other options (instinct theory, human factors psychology, and the evolutionary perspective) do not fully capture this emphasis.

Question 3

Psychologists who help design machines so that they make use of our natural perceptions are called

Accepted Answer

Psychologists who design machines to match human capabilities and limitations are referred to as human factors psychologists. They work to enhance safety, efficiency, and comfort in a range of fields, including aviation, healthcare, and transportation, by drawing on their understanding of human cognitive and perceptual processes. Human factors psychologists specialize in designing machines and technology that are user-friendly and take into consideration human perception, limitiations, abilities, and preferences. Clinical, personnel, and organizational psychologists do not have the same focus on technology design.

Question 4

Paul is seldom absent from work. However, an illness the previous week forced him to miss work for a day, and his supervisor evaluated his performance less positively than was warranted. This best illustrates the supervisor's vulnerability to

Accepted Answer

The supervisor's evaluation was influenced by Paul's recent absence due to illness, which is an example of a recency error. This means that the supervisor placed too much emphasis on the most recent information (Paul's absence) when evaluating his overall performance, leading to a less accurate assessment of his work. The supervisor's negative evaluation of Paul's performance following his one-day absence suggests the possibility of a recency error, which occurs when an individual's most recent behavior or performance overshadows their previous behavior or performance in evaluation.

Question 5

Psychologists use the term hardiness to refer to

Accepted Answer

Hardiness is a term used to describe the ability to withstand and remain resilient under stress. It encompasses three components: a sense of control over one's life, an attitude of challenge towards stress, and a deep sense of commitment to one's values and goals. Hardiness refers to a resilience under stress. It encompasses traits such as a sense of control over one's life, commitment to one's goals, and the ability to view stressful events as challenges rather than threats. It is a concept that has been extensively studied in psychology and is often seen as a key factor in promoting mental and physical health. However, options B, C, and D are not related to the concept of hardiness.

Question 6

Rating scales used to record the dependability and productivity of workers are most clearly designed to facilitate

Accepted Answer

The use of rating scales to record the dependability and productivity of workers is a common method of performance appraisal. The scales provide a structured way to evaluate employee performance and can help identify areas for improvement and potential rewards or recognition. Rating scales are commonly used in performance appraisals to measure and evaluate the dependability and productivity of workers. They provide a structured approach to evaluating an employee's performance and can help identify areas for improvement and provide feedback for future growth.

Question 7

Professor Sanford explains that the need for physical safety must be met before city dwellers will be motivated to form close friendships with neighbors. Professor Sanford is providing an example of

Accepted Answer

Professor Sanford is describing a hierarchy of motives, which suggests that some needs must be met before others can become important. In this case, safety is a foundational need that must be met before people can focus on forming close friendships with neighbors.

Question 8

People are more vulnerable to obesity if they experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of People are more vulnerable to obesity if...

Question 9

Performance appraisal scales that specify in detail the precise behaviors that are indicative of poor, adequate, good, and excellent worker performance are most likely to inhibit

Accepted Answer

The answer of Performance appraisal scales that specify in detail...

Question 10

Professor Fiekema claims that people are genetically predisposed to live in groups because social attachments enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our human ancestors. The professor's suggestion best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The professor's suggestion that social attachments enhanced the survival and reproductive success of our human ancestors is an example of the evolutionary perspective, which focuses on how our species' genetic makeup and evolutionary history have shaped our behavior and traits. The professor's suggestion is based on the idea of evolution, specifically the concept of natural selection and how traits that were advantageous for survival and reproduction were passed down through generations.

Question 11

Prisoners of war placed on a semistarvation diet in which their food intake is cut in half are likely to

Accepted Answer

The answer of Prisoners of war placed on a semistarvation...

Question 12

Research on the human sexual response cycle indicates that

Accepted Answer

Female orgasm can increase the likelihood of conception by potentially aiding sperm transport and retention.

Question 13

Research on obesity and weight control indicates that

Accepted Answer

Once a person becomes obese, their body may adapt to the higher weight, requiring fewer calories to maintain that weight compared to the calories needed to gain it initially. This is due to changes in metabolism and energy expenditure.

Question 14

Research on sex hormones and human sexual behavior indicates that

Accepted Answer

Castration in adult males leads to a significant reduction in testosterone levels, which is associated with a decline in sex drive.

Question 15

People consume more ice cream when scooping it with a big scoop rather than a small one. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described in the question is known as unit bias, which refers to the tendency for people to consume more of a substance when it is presented in larger units or portions. Therefore, the best answer is B, unit bias. The other options are not applicable to this scenario. Unit bias refers to people's tendency to consume a fixed unit of food, regardless of its actual size. In this case, people may feel satisfied with a larger scoop of ice cream and consume more than they would with a smaller scoop, even if the total amount of ice cream is the same.

Question 16

Research on the genetic and environmental influences on body weight has revealed that

Accepted Answer

Studies on adopted individuals have consistently shown that biological factors play a larger role in determining body weight than environmental factors, as adopted people tend to have similar body weights to their biological parents, even if they were raised in different environments.

Answer: C
 Studies have shown that obesity rates have increased significantly in the United States over the past 50 years, making obesity more common now than in the past.

Answers B and D are incorrect.

Answer B is incorrect because identical twins share 100% of their genetic material, while fraternal twins share only 50%, so it is more likely that identical twins would have a higher correlation in body weight regardless of whether they were raised together or apart.
Answer D is incorrect because there is no evidence to suggest that identical twin men are more similar in body weight than identical twin women.

Question 17

People eat ________ when given a large rather than a small serving of food. They eat ________ when given a large rather than a small bowl out of which to eat their food.

Accepted Answer

The answer of People eat ________ when given a large...

Question 18

Personnel psychologists are most likely to be involved in

Accepted Answer

Personnel psychologists specialize in understanding the relationship between individuals and their work. One of their primary functions is matching people's strengths with specific job assignments to ensure a good fit between employees and their work, which enhances job satisfaction and productivity.

Question 19

Over the past 40 years, the rate of obesity among American adults has ________ and the rate of obesity among American teens has ________.

Accepted Answer

The rate of obesity among American adults has increased over the past 40 years, as well as the rate of obesity among American teens. This is due to a combination of factors such as changes in diet, lifestyle, and access to unhealthy food options. There have been efforts to address this issue through education and policies promoting healthier choices, but the rates of obesity still remain high. According to multiple studies, the rate of obesity among American adults has steadily increased over the past 40 years. Similarly, the rate of obesity among American teens has also increased during this time period. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 20

Premarital sexual activity is higher among American teens who

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that alcohol use is a strong predictor of premarital sexual activity among American teens. Consumption of alcohol among teens can lead to impaired judgment and lowered inhibitions, which can increase the likelihood of engaging in risky sexual behavior. The other options (A, B, and C) are not as strongly correlated with premarital sexual activity. Research studies have consistently shown that alcohol consumption is strongly associated with premarital sexual activity among teens. Consumption of alcohol impairs judgment and decision-making abilities, leading to risky behaviors such as engaging in sexual activity without contraception. The other factors mentioned in the options (parental education level, religious attendance, and school grades) may have some influence on adolescent sexual behavior, but the association is weaker than that of alcohol consumption.

Quiz 11: Intelligence