Question 1

(Scenario III) Suppose the researchers described in Scenario III added a third level of THC (5.6%) and added a third variable, gender. This design would now produce how many unique treatment conditions?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 12
D) 24

Accepted Answer

The design now has 3 levels of THC (0%, 2.8%, 5.6%) and 2 levels of the new variable, gender (male, female), in addition to the 2 levels of alcohol (0%, 0.65%). Multiplying the levels of each variable (3 THC levels * 2 gender levels * 2 alcohol levels) gives 12 unique treatment conditions.

Question 2

Dr. Malkin described the _____ as the sum being less than parts.
A) suppression effect
B) synergistic effect
C) carryover effect
D) fatigue effect

Accepted Answer

The suppression effect is described as the sum being less than the parts, indicating that when combined, the elements produce a lesser effect than expected or than when they are considered individually.

Question 3

(Scenario II) Suppose the authors of the study described in Scenario II had categorized children into high-ADHD, low-ADHD, and no-ADHD groups. Children were also categorized has having TD or not having TD. This design can be expressed as:
A) 2 × 2.
B) 3 × 3.
C) 3 × 2.
D) 3 × 4.

Accepted Answer

The design involves two factors: ADHD level (with three categories: high, low, no-ADHD) and TD presence (with two categories: having TD, not having TD), making it a 3 × 2 factorial design.

Question 4

In a 2010 study examining preferences for opening lines among men and women, researchers reviewed videos of _____ main types of pick-up lines.
A) three
B) two
C) five
D) four

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a 2010 study examining preferences for...

Question 5

(Scenario I) Suppose each treatment condition described in Scenario I was conducted sequentially with the first treatment tested in the fall semester, and the second in the spring semester. Following testing of all treatment conditions, the participants received payment for their participation in the form of a gift card. Some received a gift card to a coffee shop and others received one to a megastore. Along with their gift card, participants also received a statement debriefing them of the actual intent of the study. Which of the following presents a potential confound?
A) debriefing letter
B) gift card type
C) month of testing
D) All are confounds.

Accepted Answer

The month of testing (fall for the first treatment and spring for the second) introduces a potential confound due to seasonal variations that could affect participants' responses or behaviors differently across the two treatment conditions.

Question 6

(Scenario III) The study described in Scenario III used a factorial design to examine the effect of drug consumption and expectancy on risky behavior. Which of the following is NOT true of factorial designs?
A) They require more participants and take a greater amount of time to conduct.
B) They can test three hypotheses simultaneously.
C) They can identify a synergistic effect of the independent variables.
D) They can identify a suppression effect of the independent variables.

Accepted Answer

Factorial designs do not necessarily require more participants or take more time to conduct compared to other designs; they are efficient in testing multiple variables and their interactions simultaneously.

Question 7

(Scenario II) Suppose the results of Scenario II were that kids with ADHD had more behavioral problems when they did not have TD, and that kids with TD had more behavioral problems when they did not have ADHD. This would indicate which type of relationship between the two independent variables?
A) marginal
B) hybrid
C) suppression
D) synergistic

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a suppression relationship, where the presence of one condition (either ADHD or TD) suppresses the effect of the other on a dependent variable (behavioral problems), leading to an increase in behavioral problems when one condition is present without the other.

Question 8

In a 2008 study researchers were interested in whether women favored more provocative clothing during more fertile times of the month. Ovulation cycles were mapped, hormonal contraceptives were not used, and the female participants came into the lab twice for urine samples. In addition to being photographed, the female participants also completed a diverse array of assessments. The results indicated that:
A) ovulating women planned on wearing more revealing clothing to a party than less fertile women.
B) women who were more able to have sex without commitment wore less revealing clothes to the experiment, irrespective of fertility.
C) nonovulating women planned on wearing more revealing clothing to a party than fertile women.
D) women who were not able to have sex without commitment wore more revealing clothes to the experiment, irrespective of fertility.

Accepted Answer

The study found that women were more likely to choose more revealing clothing during periods of higher fertility, which supports the idea that ovulating women planned on wearing more revealing clothing to a party than less fertile women.

Question 9

(Scenario I)How many hypotheses were tested in the study described in Scenario I?
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four

Accepted Answer

The answer of (Scenario I)How many hypotheses were tested in...

Question 10

(Scenario I) Which of the following hypotheses is supported by the results of the study described in Scenario I?
A) There is a main effect for emotion, but no main effect for authenticity or interaction between emotion and authenticity on customer satisfaction.
B) There is a main effect for emotion and a main effect for authenticity, but not an interaction between emotion and authenticity on customer satisfaction.
C) There is a main effect for emotion, a main effect for interaction, and an interaction between emotion and authenticity on customer satisfaction.
D) There is no effect for emotion, authenticity, or emotion × authenticity interaction on customer satisfaction.

Accepted Answer

There is a main effect for emotion, but no main effect for authenticity or interaction between emotion and authenticity on customer satisfaction.

Question 11

(Scenario II) The fact that kids with ADHD+TD had significantly more behavioral problems than those with ADHD alone or TD alone suggests a _____ effect.
A) marginal
B) hybrid
C) suppression
D) synergistic

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is "synergistic" because it implies that the combination of ADHD and TD results in more significant behavioral problems than either condition alone, suggesting their effects amplify each other.

Question 12

(Scenario III) Which of the following accurately describes the design presented in Scenario III?
A) A 2 x 2 hybrid design.
B) A 2 x 2 mixed design.
C) A 2 x 2 factorial design.
D) A 2 x 2 ordinal design

Accepted Answer

A 2 x 2 factorial design involves two independent variables, each with two levels, and examines all possible combinations of these levels.

Question 13

(Scenario I) The researchers of Scenario I conducted a follow-up study to examine whether customer satisfaction differed based on the smiling of the employee and sex of the participant. This design can be described as:
A) a 2 × 2 design.
B) a factorial design.
C) a hybrid design.
D) all of the above.

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes a factorial design because it involves two independent variables (smiling of the employee and sex of the participant), each at two levels (smiling/not smiling and male/female), making it a 2 × 2 design. Since a 2 × 2 design is a type of factorial design, and both specific (2 × 2) and general (factorial) descriptions are correct, all of the options are correct.

Question 14

All of the following are noted limitations regarding the study carried out throughout Chapter 11, EXCEPT:
A) confederates and research assistant were not kept blinded to conditions.
B) research confederates may have created a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C) confederates were aware that they were participating in an experiment.
D) the study did not control for competing scents among participants.

Accepted Answer

Confederates being aware that they are participating in an experiment is not necessarily a limitation, as their awareness is often required for the execution of their role within the study. The other options (A, B, and D) describe specific limitations that could affect the study's validity or introduce bias.

Question 15

(Scenario I) Suppose the researchers in Scenario I were unable to create the fictitious movie consulting service environment. Instead, they created four written scenarios that matched each of the four treatment conditions. Participants were randomly assigned to each treatment and were asked to indicate how satisfied they think they would have been based on the scenario they read. This type of design uses:
A) nonexperimental manipulations.
B) vignettes.
C) correlation.
D) experimentation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of (Scenario I) Suppose the researchers in Scenario...

Question 16

Dr. Johnson described the _____ as the whole being greater than the sum of the parts. It is a helpful reference to understand the combination of two variables to produce an outcome that is bigger than each individual variable's contribution.
A) suppression effect
B) synergistic effect
C) carryover effect
D) fatigue effect

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "synergistic effect," which refers to a situation where the combination of two or more factors results in an outcome that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This concept is often used in various fields, including pharmacology, to describe how different substances or actions can work together to produce a more significant result than they would independently.

Question 17

(Scenario II) Which of the following may have been the results of the ANOVA performed by the authors of Scenario II? A) F (1, 36) = 4.92, p < .05 B) F (2, 36) = 4.92, p < .05 C) F (1, 36) = 4.92, p > .05 D) F (2, 36) = 4.92, p > .05

Accepted Answer

The ANOVA results indicate that there is a significant main effect of condition on the dependent variable, F (1, 36) = 4.92, p < .05. This means that the mean scores for the two conditions are significantly different from each other.

Question 18

(Scenario III) The study described in Scenario III examined the effect of two independent variables on risky behavior. Based on this design, which of the following is true?
A) There could potentially be one main effect and one interaction.
B) If a main effect is identified, then there will automatically be an interaction.
C) If there is an interaction, then there will not be a main effect.
D) The design allows for three hypotheses to be tested.

Accepted Answer

The design with two independent variables allows for the testing of two main effects (one for each independent variable) and one interaction effect (how the two independent variables interact with each other), totaling three hypotheses.

Question 19

(Scenario III) According to Scenario III, there was a main effect for drug consumption, with people receiving the marijuana cigarette with THC being more likely to exhibit risky behavior than those who received the placebo. To arrive at this conclusion, the researchers would have had to examine:
A) interaction means.
B) cell means.
C) marginal means.
D) factorial means.

Accepted Answer

The researchers would have examined marginal means to determine the main effect of drug consumption, as marginal means represent the average effect of one independent variable across the levels of another variable.

Question 20

(Scenario I) Figure 1 supports which of the following hypotheses?
A) main effect for smiling
B) main effect for authenticity
C) interaction between smiling and authenticity
D) all of the above hypotheses are supported

Accepted Answer

The answer of (Scenario I) Figure 1 supports which of...

Quiz 11: Factorial Design: I Lost My Phone Number, Can I Borrow Yours Do Pick-Up Lines Really Work

(Scenario III) Suppose the researchers described in Scenario III added a third level of THC (5.6%) and added a third variable, gender. This design would now produce how many unique treatment conditions?

Dr. Malkin described the _____ as the sum being less than parts.

(Scenario II) Suppose the authors of the study described in Scenario II had categorized children into high-ADHD, low-ADHD, and no-ADHD groups. Children were also categorized has having TD or not having TD. This design can be expressed as:

In a 2010 study examining preferences for opening lines among men and women, researchers reviewed videos of _____ main types of pick-up lines.

(Scenario III) The study described in Scenario III used a factorial design to examine the effect of drug consumption and expectancy on risky behavior. Which of the following is NOT true of factorial designs?

(Scenario II) Suppose the results of Scenario II were that kids with ADHD had more behavioral problems when they did not have TD, and that kids with TD had more behavioral problems when they did not have ADHD. This would indicate which type of relationship between the two independent variables?

(Scenario I) How many hypotheses were tested in the study described in Scenario I?

(Scenario I) Which of the following hypotheses is supported by the results of the study described in Scenario I?

(Scenario II) The fact that kids with ADHD+TD had significantly more behavioral problems than those with ADHD alone or TD alone suggests a _____ effect.

(Scenario III) Which of the following accurately describes the design presented in Scenario III?

(Scenario I) The researchers of Scenario I conducted a follow-up study to examine whether customer satisfaction differed based on the smiling of the employee and sex of the participant. This design can be described as:

All of the following are noted limitations regarding the study carried out throughout Chapter 11, EXCEPT:

Dr. Johnson described the _____ as the whole being greater than the sum of the parts. It is a helpful reference to understand the combination of two variables to produce an outcome that is bigger than each individual variable's contribution.

(Scenario II) Which of the following may have been the results of the ANOVA performed by the authors of Scenario II?

(Scenario III) The study described in Scenario III examined the effect of two independent variables on risky behavior. Based on this design, which of the following is true?

(Scenario III) According to Scenario III, there was a main effect for drug consumption, with people receiving the marijuana cigarette with THC being more likely to exhibit risky behavior than those who received the placebo. To arrive at this conclusion, the researchers would have had to examine:

(Scenario I) Figure 1 supports which of the following hypotheses?