Question 1

In what forms do our sensory-perceptual processes develop during infancy?

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Question 2

How do STDs, alcohol, and other drugs affect prenatal development? Identify other broad classes of teratogens.

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Question 3

Why might a perceptual function show a decline and then improvement during infancy?

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Question 4

If you were doing a study on the development of cognitive abilities, which of the following designs poses the LEAST problems for interpretation?
A)A cross-sectional design
B)A longitudinal design
C)A sequential design
D)A stage design
E)A naturalistic design

Accepted Answer

A sequential design combines elements of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, allowing researchers to control for cohort effects and observe changes over time, thus posing the least problems for interpretation.

Question 5

How can scientists measure newborns' sensory capabilities and perceptual preferences? What are some of those preferences?

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Question 6

Explain how nature and nurture jointly influence physical growth and motor development during infancy.

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Question 7

Professor Sandis is interested in the development of cognitive abilities. So he designs a research study using a cross-sectional design. He considered a longitudinal design, but it was too time consuming. To avoid any interpretation problems, he should consider using
A)a mixed methods design
B)a sequential design
C)a non-random replacement design
D)an individual design
E)a multiple treatment design

Accepted Answer

Sequential designs combine elements of both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, allowing researchers to study different age groups at the same time and then follow these groups over time. This approach can help mitigate the time constraints of purely longitudinal studies while addressing developmental changes more effectively than cross-sectional designs alone.

Question 8

Sandra is able to lie. According to the idea of theory of mind, Sandra should
A)have solved the autonomy crisis
B)fail an object permanence task
C)show emotion regulation
D)understand a false belief task
E)be very demanding

Accepted Answer

Understanding a false belief task is a key component of theory of mind, which involves recognizing that others can have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from one's own. Being able to lie effectively requires understanding that others can hold false beliefs, which is what theory of mind encompasses.

Question 9

Professor Sandis is interested in the development of cognitive abilities. She wants to use the most comprehensive design possible. Which design would you suggest she use?
A)A mixed methods design
B)A sequential design
C)A longitudinal design
D)A cross-sectional design
E)A multiple treatment design

Accepted Answer

A sequential design combines elements of both longitudinal and cross-sectional designs, allowing for the study of different age groups over time, making it comprehensive for studying cognitive development.

Question 10

Professor Sandis is interested in the development of cognitive abilities. She wants to avoid any possible cohort effect problem. Which design would you suggest she use?
A)A mixed methods design
B)A non-random replacement design
C)An hierarchial design
D)A cross-sectional design
E)A longitudinal design

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal design is recommended to avoid cohort effects because it follows the same group of individuals over time, allowing the researcher to observe changes in cognitive abilities without the confounding variable of differences between cohorts.

Question 11

Sandra is able to understand a false belief task. According to the idea of theory of mind, Sandra should
A)show emotion regulation
B)have solved the autonomy crisis
C)fail an object permanence task
D)be able to walk without support
E)be able to lie

Accepted Answer

Understanding a false belief task indicates that Sandra can comprehend that others may have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from her own. This ability is crucial for the development of deceptive behaviors, such as lying, because it involves recognizing that one can manipulate the beliefs of others by providing false information.

Question 12

Professor Sandis is interested in the development of cognitive abilities. So he designs a research study using a cross-sectional design. When interpreting the study, he needs to remember that the results may be biased because
A)the single cohort may have shrunk over time because people dropped out of the study
B)this design is only appropriate for stage theories
C)this design does not consider maturation
D)the different cohorts could have grown up in different historical periods
E)changes over time are not consistent

Accepted Answer

Cross-sectional designs compare different groups (or cohorts) at one point in time, which can introduce cohort effects where differences observed may be due to the different historical and social conditions each cohort experienced, rather than developmental changes.

Question 13

Can newborns learn through classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and modelling?

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Question 14

Professor Sandis is interested in the development of cognitive abilities. She needs to be concerned about the overall cost of doing the research and the time commitment. Which design would you suggest she use?
A)A mixed methods design
B)A sequential design
C)A longitudinal design
D)A cross-sectional design
E)A multiple treatment design

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional design is most suitable for Professor Sandis's concerns because it is less costly and time-consuming compared to a longitudinal design. It involves observing different subjects of different ages or stages at one point in time, allowing for the study of cognitive abilities across different groups without the need for a long-term commitment.

Question 15

In what ways does auditory pattern perception change in infancy?

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Question 16

Jacob's parents establish clear rules and enforce them. They have high expectations and reward him with warmth and affection. We would describe their parenting style as
A)demanding
B)indulgent
C)authoritative
D)neglectful
E)isolated

Accepted Answer

Jacob's parents exhibit characteristics of the authoritative parenting style, which involves high expectations, clear rules, and warmth and affection, balancing discipline with support.

Question 17

What are the three stages of prenatal development?

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Question 18

Explain how cross-sectional, longitudinal, and sequential designs differ.

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Question 19

In what fashion does motor development occur in infancy?

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Question 20

What determines the sex of a child?

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Quiz 12: Development Over the Lifespan

In what forms do our sensory-perceptual processes develop during infancy?

How do STDs, alcohol, and other drugs affect prenatal development? Identify other broad classes of teratogens.

Why might a perceptual function show a decline and then improvement during infancy?

If you were doing a study on the development of cognitive abilities, which of the following designs poses the LEAST problems for interpretation?

How can scientists measure newborns' sensory capabilities and perceptual preferences? What are some of those preferences?

Explain how nature and nurture jointly influence physical growth and motor development during infancy.

Professor Sandis is interested in the development of cognitive abilities. So he designs a research study using a cross-sectional design. He considered a longitudinal design, but it was too time consuming. To avoid any interpretation problems, he should consider using

Sandra is able to lie. According to the idea of theory of mind, Sandra should

Professor Sandis is interested in the development of cognitive abilities. She wants to use the most comprehensive design possible. Which design would you suggest she use?

Professor Sandis is interested in the development of cognitive abilities. She wants to avoid any possible cohort effect problem. Which design would you suggest she use?

Sandra is able to understand a false belief task. According to the idea of theory of mind, Sandra should

Professor Sandis is interested in the development of cognitive abilities. So he designs a research study using a cross-sectional design. When interpreting the study, he needs to remember that the results may be biased because