Question 1

Thurstone concluded that human mental performance does not depend on ________ but rather on _________ abilities.

Accepted Answer

Thurstone's theory of intelligence proposed that instead of a single, general intelligence, human intelligence comprises seven distinct primary mental abilities. This contrasts with Spearman's earlier theory, which emphasized a single general intelligence factor, g.

Question 2

The broad abilities at the second stratum of Carroll's three-stratum theory of cognitive abilities include basic cognitive functions such as memory and learning, perceptual abilities, and speed of mental functioning. These functions are most similar to ___________.

Accepted Answer

Thurstone's primary mental abilities are most similar to the broad abilities at the second stratum of Carroll's three-stratum theory because both theories propose a set of distinct but related cognitive abilities, rather than a single general intelligence factor or multiple unrelated intelligences.

Question 3

Psychometric theories of intelligence describe ___________ people differ from one another; they don't explain ___________ people vary in mental skills.

Accepted Answer

Psychometric theories of intelligence focus on measuring and describing the ways in which people differ in their mental abilities, rather than explaining the underlying reasons for these differences.

Question 4

In Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, the higher-order processes used to plan and regulate task performance is/are called ___________.

Accepted Answer

Metacomponents are the higher-order processes in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, responsible for planning, monitoring, and evaluating task performance.

Question 5

Which of the following types of intelligence is dependent primarily on the efficient functioning of the central nervous system rather than on prior experience and cultural context?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence relies on the brain's innate abilities, such as pattern recognition and problem-solving, independent of acquired knowledge and cultural influences. It is closely linked to the central nervous system's efficiency.

Question 6

According to Thurstone, a primary mental ability like reasoning about visual scenes is termed ___________

Accepted Answer

According to Thurstone, the primary mental ability related to reasoning about visual scenes is termed "space." This ability encompasses skills such as visualizing objects and their manipulations in space, which is crucial for tasks involving spatial orientation and understanding.

Question 7

Cattell and Horn made an important distinction between _______ and _______ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Cattell and Horn distinguished between fluid intelligence, which is the ability to solve new problems, reason, and identify patterns, and crystallized intelligence, which involves knowledge that comes from prior learning and past experiences.

Question 8

According to Carroll's model, our ability to step on the brake pedal when we see a red light is a _________

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Carroll's model, our ability to...

Question 9

Which of the following types of intelligence is the basis for expertise?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that one has acquired throughout life. It is the basis for expertise as it involves the ability to use learned knowledge and experience.

Question 10

Long-term memory contributes strongly to ___________ intelligence, whereas ___________ intelligence is particularly dependent on efficient working memory.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence involves the ability to use knowledge that has been acquired through experience, which relies heavily on long-term memory. Fluid intelligence, on the other hand, involves the capacity to think logically and solve problems in novel situations, independent of acquired knowledge, which requires efficient working memory to manipulate and process information in real-time.

Question 11

The definition of which of the following types of intelligence includes the ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations for which personal experience does not provide a solution?

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence is defined as the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns. It does not rely on pre-existing knowledge or experience, making it crucial for novel problem-solving.

Question 12

Which of the following explores the specific information-processing and cognitive processes that underlie intellectual ability?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive process theories focus on understanding the specific mental processes that underlie human intelligence, such as memory, problem-solving, and perception. These theories aim to explain how people process information and how this processing leads to intelligent behavior.

Question 13

Raymond Cattell is most strongly associated with ___________.

Accepted Answer

Raymond Cattell is most strongly associated with the concepts of crystallized and fluid intelligence. He proposed that intelligence is composed of these two distinct forms: fluid intelligence, which is the ability to solve new problems, and crystallized intelligence, which involves the use of knowledge acquired through experience.

Question 14

According to Carroll's model, our ability to remember past experiences is a _________

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Carroll's model, our ability to...

Question 15

The first stratum of Carroll's three-stratum model contains __________ that feed(s) into the broader second-stratum factors.

Accepted Answer

The first stratum of Carroll's three-stratum model of human cognitive abilities consists of nearly 70 highly specific cognitive abilities. These specific abilities are considered to feed into the broader second-stratum factors, which include eight broad intellectual factors.

Question 16

Bella cooks regularly for her family of four following tested recipes. She is having 8 people for dinner on the weekend, and plans to double the ingredients for two of her most successful dishes. Bella is using her ___________.

Accepted Answer

Bella is using her crystallized intelligence, which refers to the ability to use learned knowledge and experience. Doubling a recipe successfully involves applying known mathematical concepts and cooking techniques, which are part of crystallized intelligence.

Question 17

The ability to apply previously learned knowledge to current problems is called the ____________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the ability to use learned knowledge and experience.

Question 18

Over our life span, we progress from using ___________ intelligence to depending more on ________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

Fluid intelligence, which encompasses the ability to solve new problems, use logic in new situations, and identify patterns, tends to peak in early adulthood and then decline. Crystallized intelligence, on the other hand, involves knowledge that comes from prior learning and past experiences, and tends to increase or remain stable throughout most of one's life. Therefore, as we age, we rely more on our accumulated knowledge and experience (crystallized intelligence) than on our capacity to process new information quickly and solve new problems (fluid intelligence).

Question 19

In Carroll's integrative model of intelligence, ___________ is at the top or the third stratum, whereas _________ is(are) at the second level.

Accepted Answer

Carroll's integrative model of intelligence places general intelligence at the top or the third stratum, while fluid and crystallized intelligence are positioned at the second level. This hierarchical model suggests that general intelligence is a broad, overarching cognitive capability that influences more specific abilities, such as fluid and crystallized intelligence, which are categorized under the second stratum.

Question 20

The definition of which of the following types of intelligence includes the ability to apply previously acquired knowledge to current problems?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the use of learned knowledge and experience when facing new problems or situations. It encompasses the ability to use previously acquired knowledge, skills, facts, and understanding in current contexts.

Quiz 10: Intelligence

Thurstone concluded that human mental performance does not depend on but rather on _ abilities.