Question 1

In a study done in Scotland, higher childhood intelligence was associated with greater survival to age 76 in ____________, but the results were particularly striking for _____.

Accepted Answer

The study found that higher childhood intelligence was associated with greater survival to age 76 in both men and women, but the results were particularly striking for women.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a type of reliability?

Accepted Answer

Predictive bias is not a type of reliability; it refers to the extent to which a test accurately predicts future performance or outcomes, and is more related to the concept of validity rather than reliability. Reliability concerns the consistency of a measure, including test-retest reliability, internal consistency, and interjudge reliability.

Question 3

Which of the following is a type of validity?

Accepted Answer

Construct validity refers to the extent to which a test measures what it claims, or purports, to be measuring. It's a key type of validity in the field of psychology and education, ensuring that the test is actually assessing the theoretical construct it intends to assess.

Question 4

A professor has developed a new test to measure math ability but because the test relies heavily on word problems, the test is actually a better measure of verbal comprehension. We would say that this test has poor _____________.

Accepted Answer

The test has poor construct validity because it does not accurately measure the concept it purports to measure (math ability) but instead measures something else (verbal comprehension).

Question 5

The normal distribution forms a ______.

Accepted Answer

The normal distribution is characterized by a bell-shaped curve, which is symmetric about the mean.

Question 6

A bell-shaped distribution with most scores clustering around the centre of the curve is called a(n) _______________ distribution.

Accepted Answer

A normal distribution is characterized by a bell-shaped curve where most of the data points cluster around the mean, creating a symmetric distribution.

Question 7

Upon developing a test about the federal government, you make sure to include questions about all levels and responsibilities making the test high in ___________.

Accepted Answer

Including questions about all levels and responsibilities of the federal government ensures the test covers the breadth of the subject matter, which is a measure of content validity. Content validity refers to the extent to which a test represents all facets of a given social construct.

Question 8

You administer a new intelligence test to many students and discover that it is correlated with other IQ tests. This would suggest that you have ____________.

Accepted Answer

If a new intelligence test is correlated with other IQ tests, it suggests that it measures what it is supposed to measure, which is the definition of construct validity.

Question 9

The Miller Analogies Test, used for selecting graduate students, successfully predicts all of the following performance criteria EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

The Miller Analogies Test (MAT) is designed to assess analytical thinking and understanding of a broad range of subjects, which can predict academic performance criteria such as grades, faculty ratings, and comprehensive exam scores. However, it does not predict thesis topics, as these are chosen based on individual interests and academic focus areas, not general analytical ability.

Question 10

Imagine that a new test of academic ability is NOT strongly associated with criterion measures such as actual high school or college academic performance. This lack of association specifically implies that this test has low ______________ validity.

Accepted Answer

Criterion-related validity refers to the extent to which a test is predictive of or significantly correlated with a specific outcome, such as academic performance. If a test does not strongly associate with actual academic performance, it indicates low criterion-related validity.

Question 11

Standardization refers to ______.

Accepted Answer

Standardization in testing and measurement refers to the process of developing norms and rigorously controlled testing procedures to ensure that tests are administered and scored in a consistent, uniform manner across different test takers and testing locations. This allows for the fair comparison of scores across individuals.

Question 12

The extent to which a measure is consistent is referred to as _____________; whereas the extent to which a measure actually measures the construct it is intended to measure is called ___________.

Accepted Answer

Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure, meaning if the measure is repeated under the same conditions, it would yield the same results. Validity, on the other hand, refers to whether the measure accurately assesses the specific concept it is intended to measure.

Question 13

Both you and your colleague decide to rate the friendliness of everyone in your business to customers. If you agreed on most of your ratings, we would say that you have ______.

Accepted Answer

Interjudge reliability refers to the level of agreement or consistency between two or more raters or judges assessing the same phenomenon. In this scenario, since you and your colleague are both rating the friendliness of everyone in your business and agree on most of your ratings, it demonstrates interjudge reliability.

Question 14

Using IQ test scores to predict grades, intelligence researchers have obtained positive correlations of about ___________ for high school students and slightly lower correlations for college students.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C) 0.60. This is because research has shown that IQ test scores have a moderate to strong positive correlation with academic performance, particularly in high school. The correlation tends to be slightly lower for college students, but 0.60 is a commonly cited figure for high school students.

Question 15

How well a test measures what it is intended to measure is referred to as the concept of _____________; ____________ specifically assesses whether the items on a test measure all the knowledge or skills that are assumed to be part of the construct measured by a test.

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to how well a test measures what it is intended to measure. Content validity specifically assesses whether the test items cover all the knowledge or skills that are supposed to be included in the construct measured by the test.

Question 16

A graduate student takes a Wechsler intelligence test and receives a verbal IQ of 115 by comparing their responses to the responses obtained from thousands of other people of the same age. This ability to derive student's IQ is most strongly associated with which psychometric property of tests?

Accepted Answer

The ability to derive a student's IQ by comparing their responses to those obtained from thousands of other people of the same age is most strongly associated with standardization. Standardization refers to the process of administering and scoring a test in a consistent, or "standard," manner across all test takers. This ensures that the test results are comparable across individuals, which is crucial for accurately determining where an individual's score falls relative to the normative sample.

Question 17

Intelligence correlates ______ with the level of socioeconomic status that people attain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intelligence correlates ______ with the level of...

Question 18

A subject takes a psychological test and receives a score of 82 out of 100 on it. The subject takes the same test again two days later and this time receives a score of 46. Other people who have taken the test twice have also had similar positive and negative changes in scores. These results mean that this test has ______.

Accepted Answer

Low test-retest reliability is indicated by significant variations in scores upon repeated administrations of the test to the same individual under similar conditions.

Question 19

Which of the following was NOT listed in your text as being correlated with IQ scores?

Accepted Answer

Political conservatism is not typically correlated with IQ scores in psychological research. The other options (job performance, income, and longer life expectancy) have been found to have some level of correlation with IQ scores in various studies.

Question 20

Researchers have observed average correlations in the range of ___________between SAT scores and college grades.

Accepted Answer

The average correlations between SAT scores and college grades typically fall in the range of 0.30 to 0.50. This indicates a moderate positive relationship, suggesting that higher SAT scores are somewhat associated with higher college grades, but the correlation is not strong enough to predict college grades accurately based solely on SAT scores.

Quiz 10: Intelligence

In a study done in Scotland, higher childhood intelligence was associated with greater survival to age 76 in ________, but the results were particularly striking for _.