Question 1

Juanita is 32-years-old and has just found out she is pregnant. She knows that folate is an important nutrient and wants to make sure she is meeting the recommendation. She calculates that she is getting 200 ug of food folate a day and 320 ug of synthetic folic acid from fortified food sources. How many ug of dietary folate equivalents (DFE)is provided by her diet? Is a change needed? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Juanita is 32-years-old and has just found...

Question 2

Mr. Lopez has a family history of cardiovascular disease and elevated homocysteine levels. A researcher asks Mr. Lopez if he is interested in participating in a trial to look at the effects of a vitamin B₁₂ supplement on cardiovascular events. Why would a researcher hypothesize that a vitamin B₁₂ supplement will reduce Mr Lopez's cardiovascular risk?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B12 is required for the metabolism of methionine, and its supplementation can help lower homocysteine levels, which are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases.

Question 3

A blood test reveals that an individual has low levels of circulating neutrophils. Which mineral deficiency would you check for first? How would a deficiency of this mineral impact their ability to fight an infection?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A blood test reveals that an individual...

Question 4

Kylie has lost 30 pounds over the past year bringing her weight down into the healthy range. What impact could this have on her immune system?

Accepted Answer

Losing weight, especially if it brings one's weight into a healthy range, can improve the function of the immune system. This includes enhancing the responses of B and T cells, which are crucial components of the adaptive immune system.

Question 5

Joseph is a three-year-old boy who is undernourished but otherwise healthy. His daily iron intakes average 4 mg. Which of the following is he at risk for?

Accepted Answer

Microcytic anemia is often caused by iron deficiency, which can result from inadequate dietary intake of iron. Given Joseph's low daily iron intake, he is at risk for developing microcytic anemia.

Question 6

A non-governmental organization (NGO)wishes to reduce the risk of infections in children by providing mass vitamin A supplementation. What should they check first to ensure the program will be effective in improving immune health? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A non-governmental organization (NGO)wishes to reduce the...

Question 7

Pernicious anemia is classified as a type of ________ anemia.

Accepted Answer

Pernicious anemia is a type of macrocytic (large red blood cells) anemia.

Question 8

Mohammed has been fighting off a cold and is considering taking a vitamin C supplement providing 1 000 mg every day. Mohammed has also recently been diagnosed with hemochromatosis. Would you recommend he take the vitamin C supplement? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mohammed has been fighting off a cold...

Question 9

Breast feeding can provide the infant with protection against illnesses because:

Accepted Answer

Breast milk contains antibodies (immunoglobulins) that are passed from the mother to the infant, providing the infant with passive immunity against various infections and diseases.

Question 10

You are reviewing a nutritional profile for an adult male and notice that the individual's intake of omega-6 fatty acids is 35 g per day and his omega-3 fatty acid intakes are 0.5 g per day. What would you recommend for optimal immune health?

Accepted Answer

The recommendation to add fish to the diet to increase omega-3 intake to 1.6 g per day aligns with general nutritional advice for improving the balance of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids for better immune health. Omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish, are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and are important for heart and brain health. The current intake of omega-3 fatty acids is low compared to omega-6, and increasing it to 1.6 g per day can help improve this balance without excessively increasing total fat intake.

Question 11

Zinc lozenges are often used by people with the common cold. How could intakes above the UL impact the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Intakes of zinc above the Upper Limit (UL) can lead to copper deficiency because high levels of zinc can interfere with the absorption of copper. Copper is essential for the immune system to function properly, so a deficiency can lead to a decreased immune response.

Question 12

When reviewing the nutritional profile for an adult female who is 29-years-old you notice that her copper intakes are 650 ug/day and her zinc intakes are 15 mg/day. What dietary changes would you recommend if any?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When reviewing the nutritional profile for an...

Question 13

It has been proposed that zinc supplementation could beneficial for those with elevated blood glucose levels. Consider the roles of zinc in the body. Would you say this is a plausible hypothesis? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The answer of It has been proposed that zinc supplementation...

Question 14

Your grandfather is very confused. He has always been told that broccoli, Brussels sprouts, and green leafy vegetables are healthy. After a recent medical appointment his doctor has told him to carefully monitor his intake of these foods. His doctor also explained to him that he needs to take a drug warfarin. How would you justify the doctor's advice to your grandfather?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your grandfather is very confused. He has...

Question 15

Which of the following is part of the innate immune system?

Accepted Answer

Natural killer cells are part of the innate immune system. T-cells, B-cells, and plasma cells are part of the adaptive immune system.

Question 16

Individuals can have a disorder where they have too few platelets. What effect would this have on bleeding? Why?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individuals can have a disorder where they...

Question 17

To reduce the chances of having a baby with neural tube defects, all women of child bearing potential should ensure they have an adequate intake of which vitamin?

Accepted Answer

Folate (vitamin B9) is crucial for reducing the risk of neural tube defects in developing fetuses. Adequate intake before conception and during early pregnancy is recommended.

Question 18

Which of the following nutrients is a coenzyme for glutathione peroxidase?

Accepted Answer

Glutathione peroxidase is an enzyme that helps protect cells from oxidative damage by reducing hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxides. Selenium is a key mineral necessary for the production of glutathione peroxidase and serves as a coenzyme for the enzyme's function. Copper, ascorbic acid, and zinc are important nutrients for other physiological processes but do not play a direct role in glutathione peroxidase activity.

Question 19

Cara strongly believes that the birth processes should be entirely natural. She is concerned when the doctor explains that he would like to give her baby a Vitamin K injection. How would you advise Cara?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Cara strongly believes that the birth processes...

Question 20

Your 20-year-old sister has recently decided to follow a vegan diet. What recommendations would you make with respect to her iron intake? Justify your response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your 20-year-old sister has recently decided to...

Quiz 13: Nutrients Involved in Blood Health and Immunity