Question 1

Five-year-old Zama has a vivid imagination and an imaginary friend. How might this cognitively affect Zama?

Accepted Answer

Zama's imaginary friend indicates that he has developed a theory of mind, the ability to understand that others have beliefs, desires, and intentions that are different from his own. Research has shown that children with imaginary friends tend to have a more advanced theory of mind than those who do not have imaginary friends.

Question 2

Which is true of childhood play?

Accepted Answer

Boys tend to engage in more competitive and dominance-oriented play, which is described as constricting, while girls often engage in more cooperative and inclusive play, which is described as enabling.

Question 3

Which sort of solitary play would most likely be unhealthy?

Accepted Answer

Watching other children play without joining them could lead to feelings of isolation and social anxiety. It is important for children to engage in social play and develop social skills.

Question 4

Ongkopotse is a preschooler who has an imaginary friend. Which best describes Ongkopotse relative to his peers without imaginary friends?

Accepted Answer

Preschoolers with imaginary friends are often described as sociable and creative. They use their imaginary friends as confidants and companions and may even have better social skills than their peers without imaginary friends. Therefore, it is unlikely that Ongkopotse would be emotionally disturbed, have few friends, or low intelligence solely because of his imaginary friend.

Question 5

Using scaffolding would be most beneficial for a preschool parent acting as a ____ during play.

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding is a teaching method that involves providing support to a learner to help them achieve a goal or complete a task that they would not be able to accomplish alone. In the context of a preschool parent acting during play, acting as a playmate would be most beneficial for employing scaffolding techniques. This role allows the parent to engage directly with the child, offering guidance, support, and encouragement at the child's level of understanding and ability, gradually reducing assistance as the child becomes more competent.

Question 6

Which statement best describes parental influence on play?

Accepted Answer

Bad coaching can have negative effects on a child's play, such as limiting their creativity or causing them to feel undue pressure. It is better for parents to avoid coaching and let children develop their own play skills naturally if they are not able to provide positive and constructive feedback.

Question 7

Which word would least likely be found in a description of 'boys play?'

Accepted Answer

Boys play is often associated with competition and roughness, but it can also involve cooperation and teamwork. Intimidation may also occur during boys play, but it is less likely to be a common aspect of the activity.

Question 8

Philani is competing with Andile in a game and attempts to win by saying, 'If you try to do well, I will smack you!' What term best describes this statement?

Accepted Answer

The statement made by Philani is an example of constricting action, as it is a threat to Andile and attempts to limit his behavior through fear of punishment.

Question 9

Meera and Wandi are building a playhouse. Meera says to Wandi, 'How about I help you with your part, then you help me with mine?' This offer would be an example of

Accepted Answer

An enabling action is when one person helps or supports another to achieve a goal, which is what Meera is suggesting by offering to help Wandi with his part.

Question 10

Thinus and Siya are pretending to be transformers. Thinus is pretending to be Optimus, and Siya is pretending to be Megatron. What sort of interaction does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

This exemplifies cooperative play as both Thinus and Siya are working together to create a shared imaginary world based on the Transformers franchise. They are taking on different roles and interacting with one another's pretend roles.

Question 11

Tumi often has to step in and solve disagreements between his son Buhle and his daughter Naledi. This action best reflects the idea of a parent as a

Accepted Answer

The fact that Tumi is stepping in to solve disagreements between his children indicates that he is acting as a mediator, helping to resolve conflicts and promote harmony within the family. This is a common role for parents and caregivers, who often have to intervene in disputes between siblings or other family members. Choices A, B, and C (playmate, social director, coach) do not accurately describe the situation described in the question.

Question 12

What benefits does pretend play provide children?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What benefits does pretend play provide children?
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Question 13

Which term does not fit with the notion of 'constricting' during play?

Accepted Answer

Constricting during play usually involves limiting or restricting certain actions or behaviors. Exaggeration, threats, and contradiction all have the potential to constrict play in some way. Support, on the other hand, implies encouragement and facilitation of play, which does not align with the notion of constricting.

Question 14

Concerning play, which statement best exemplifies enabling?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging and positive language such as "You are doing well, keep going" is an example of enabling play, as it fosters a safe and encouraging environment where individuals feel they can take risks and try new things without fear of failure or judgment.

Question 15

Children typically begin to exhibit simple social play around ____ months of age.

Accepted Answer

From around 12-18 months, children start engaging in parallel play (playing next to each other without much interaction), and by 18-24 months, they begin to engage in simple social play, such as taking turns and sharing toys.

Question 16

All acts of altruistic behaviour are also

Accepted Answer

Altruistic behavior refers to actions that benefit others without any expectation of personal gain. Prosocial behavior is any action that benefits others, including altruistic behavior. Therefore, all acts of altruistic behavior are also prosocial behaviors.

Question 17

Anele is a preschooler who has an imaginary friend named Gru. According to recent research, it is most likely that Anele

Accepted Answer

Imaginary friends are a common aspect of preschooler development and do not necessarily indicate any underlying insecurity or lack of real friends. Therefore, it is most likely that Anele is a typical preschooler.

Question 18

Philani and Sandy are taking turns playing a memory game on Philani's computer tablet. This is an example of ____ play.

Accepted Answer

Cooperative play is characterized by a group of children working together to achieve a common goal or activity. In this scenario, Philani and Sandy are taking turns playing a game on a shared device, indicating cooperation.

Question 19

Which exemplifies the notion of parent as social director during play?

Accepted Answer

A parent who actively encourages his or her child to play with others exemplifies the notion of a parent as social director during play. This type of parent not only facilitates their child's social skills and interactions with others but also creates opportunities for the child to engage with peers and develop their own sense of play.

Question 20

As a typical prepubescent female, Retha will prefer to

Accepted Answer

The question implies that Retha is prepubescent and not necessarily interested in gender-specific games or activities. Therefore, the best choice would be to play with girls regardless of the game, as there may be a greater likelihood to find similar interests and have fun together.

Quiz 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood