Question 1

The most effective way for Zama to get his young son Philani to become more prosocial would be to

Accepted Answer

Offering Philani chances to help bring in the groceries would give him opportunities to practice prosocial behaviour and feel the satisfaction of contributing to the household. Criticising or showing negative consequences may lead to resentment or fear, while modeling laziness would be counterproductive.

Question 2

Young Jabu experiences the sadness of his friend Abdul when Abdul's dog runs away. Jabu is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Empathy is the ability to put oneself in another's shoes and understand their feelings. In this scenario, Jabu is experiencing Abdul's emotions and sharing in his feelings of sadness, which is an example of empathy. Altruism is selfless concern for the welfare of others, cooperative behaviour involves working together towards a common goal, and sympathy involves feelings of pity or sorrow for someone else's misfortune, but not necessarily sharing in their emotions.

Question 3

On her way to visiting Rwanda for the first time, Dikeledi wonders what the people there will expect from her during their interactions. Dikeledi is concerned about

Accepted Answer

Dikeledi is concerned about how she will be expected to behave and what role she will need to play in social interactions with the people in Rwanda. Therefore, the concept of social roles is most relevant to her concerns. Options A, B, and C are not directly related to her concerns about cultural expectations and social interactions.

Question 4

Altruistic acts in children tend to occur when the cost of the act is

Accepted Answer

Altruistic acts in children tend to occur when the cost of the act is low, meaning that they do not have to sacrifice too much to perform the act. Children are more likely to engage in behaviors that require minimal effort, resources, or risk, and will often help others in small ways without expecting anything in return. High costs, on the other hand, may discourage children from helping, as they may not be willing to give up something significant for someone else's benefit.

Question 5

Which thought has been shown to increase the odds of a child engaging in an altruistic act?

Accepted Answer

Thoughts reflecting a recognition of one's ability to meet another's needs, such as "I think I have what they need," have been linked to an increased likelihood of engaging in altruistic acts. This is because recognizing the ability to help directly translates to the motivation to act altruistically.

Question 6

Urvashi decides to help her friend find her lost cat because her friend is likely to let her play with the cat when they find it. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Urvashi's decision to help her friend find her lost cat is an example of prosocial behavior because she is doing something positive for someone else, in this case, helping her friend find her lost cat. Although Urvashi may benefit by getting to play with the cat, her main motivation is to help her friend.

Question 7

A social role is best described as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A social role is a set of expectations for how individuals should behave in a particular position or status in society. It is shaped by cultural norms and values about appropriate behavior in different situations. Therefore, a social role is a cultural guideline for interacting with other people. B, C, and D do not accurately describe what a social role is.

Question 8

Which child is most likely to act altruistically toward Kgatello, who is having a very difficult time learning how to skateboard?

Accepted Answer

Bella, who is feeling happy, is most likely to act altruistically because positive emotions often increase the likelihood of helping behavior.

Question 9

Male and female social roles are

Accepted Answer

Male and female social roles are not identical or indistinguishable, as there are often cultural differences in how each gender is expected to behave and what roles they are expected to fulfill. These roles are not necessarily inherited, as they can vary widely based on societal norms and expectations. Therefore, the most accurate option is that male and female social roles are culturally defined.

Question 10

One of the most effective ways for Tumi to get her child to engage in altruistic behaviour is for Tumi to

Accepted Answer

Modeling the behavior oneself is an effective way for children to learn and engage in altruistic behavior. Children learn through observation and imitation, so if Tumi models altruistic behavior, her child is more likely to engage in it as well. Avoiding discipline or doing nothing may not actively encourage altruistic behavior, and not dwelling on or praising spontaneous acts of altruism can potentially hinder the child's development of empathy and perspective-taking.

Question 11

If he is like most preschoolers, Junior is likely to believe that girls are

Accepted Answer

Preschoolers often hold stereotypical beliefs about gender roles, and they may perceive girls as being more verbally aggressive rather than physically aggressive or dominant.

Question 12

Gender stereotypes influence behaviour by providing

Accepted Answer

Gender stereotypes provide a set of behavioural expectations for individuals based on their gender, which can influence their behaviour.

Question 13

Lesego believes that all women are emotional, physically weak, and interested in cooking. Lesego's beliefs about women would best be described as

Accepted Answer

Lesego's beliefs about women are based on a gender stereotype, which is a widely held, oversimplified belief about a certain gender group that may not accurately reflect reality. These stereotypes can be harmful and limiting to individuals who are judged based solely on their gender.

Question 14

With which person is Naledi most likely to act altruistically?

Accepted Answer

Naledi is most likely to act altruistically towards her little sister Thando as they share a close familial bond.

Question 15

Bongani and Bonolo are driving past a group of homeless people when they suddenly stop and place a large amount of cash into the hands of a needy-looking person who is standing next to the group. What would make this an act of altruism?

Accepted Answer

Altruism is an act of selfless concern for the well-being of others. In this scenario, Bongani and Bonolo are giving a large amount of cash to a needy-looking person without expecting any reciprocation in return. Therefore, it is an act of altruism. Option B is incorrect as receiving something in return would result in a transactional exchange, which is not selfless. Option C is incorrect as feeling pity for someone is not necessarily an act of selflessness, as it may be motivated by sympathy rather than concern for the welfare of others. Option D is also incorrect as engaging in these types of activities may be motivated by personal gratification or recognition, rather than selfless concern for others.

Question 16

Gender-role stereotypes involve beliefs that

Accepted Answer

Gender-role stereotypes are generalizations about how men and women should behave and what they are capable of based on their gender. While some may be true for certain individuals or cultures, they are often incomplete or inaccurate. Therefore, option D, "sometimes true," is the best choice.

Question 17

The fact that young children are so ____ may interfere with their ability to engage in altruistic behaviours.

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism refers to the tendency of young children to perceive and interpret the world solely from their own perspective. This means they may not yet have the ability to understand or empathize with the feelings and needs of others, which could interfere with their ability to engage in altruistic behaviours such as sharing or helping.

Question 18

Which person is most likely using a gender stereotype to describe Fatima?

Accepted Answer

Kabelo's statement implies that being "intelligent and understanding" is inherently linked to being a "real girl," which is a gender stereotype.

Question 19

Which is the best advice for parents wishing to socialise altruistic behaviour in their child?

Accepted Answer

Forcing altruistic behavior through threats or punishment is unlikely to result in genuine altruism, as it is not inherently motivated by empathy or concern for others. Instead, parents should model altruistic behavior themselves and provide opportunities for their child to practice and experience the rewards of helping others.

Question 20

Parents who incorporate ____ into their discipline are most likely to encourage altruistic behaviour.

Accepted Answer

Parents who incorporate reasoning into their discipline, by explaining the reasons behind their rules and decisions, are more likely to encourage their children to see things from others' perspectives and develop empathy, which can lead to altruistic behavior. Punishment may lead to fear and avoidance, while parallel play and ethology are not directly related to discipline and altruism.

Quiz 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood