Question 1

REM periods of sleep tend to ____ as the night goes on.

Accepted Answer

REM periods of sleep tend to lengthen as the night progresses, with longer REM episodes occurring during the second half of the sleep cycle.

Question 2

Dave is taking a prescription drug, and one of the side effects of the drug is an increase in the stimulation of ascending fibres in the reticular activating system.Dave is likely to find that he

Accepted Answer

An increase in the stimulation of ascending fibers in the reticular activating system is likely to cause difficulty falling asleep, as it increases the brain's overall arousal and vigilance. Option A is incorrect, as an increase in stimulation would make one less likely to want to sleep all the time. Option B is incorrect, as REM sleep is necessary for proper brain function and would not be eliminated. Option D is incorrect, as stages 3 and 4 are deep, non-REM stages of sleep, and dreaming occurs primarily during REM sleep.

Question 3

The paradox concerning REM sleep is while

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is a paradoxical stage of sleep where the brain wave pattern resembles that of an alert and awake individual, but the person is actually in a deep sleep. This is because during REM sleep, the brain is highly active as the person experiences vivid dreams, while the muscles are basically paralyzed to prevent the person from acting out their dreams.

Question 4

Dr Everett is observing Robert in a sleep lab.Dr Everett intends to wake Robert up each time he begins REM sleep.Based on the electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings, Robert should be awakened each time the EEG shows

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is characterized by low-voltage, high-frequency beta waves, similar to those seen in the awake state, which is why B is the correct answer. Alpha waves are associated with relaxed wakefulness, sleep spindles occur during stage 2 non-REM sleep, and theta waves are seen in light sleep stages.

Question 5

Olivia has trouble staying asleep for more than four hours at a time.Olivia is likely to experience

Accepted Answer

The answer of Olivia has trouble staying asleep for more...

Question 6

Compared to young adults, infants sleep for a ____ period of time each day and spend a ____ proportion of their total sleep time in REM sleep.

Accepted Answer

Infants sleep for a longer period each day compared to young adults and spend a larger proportion of their total sleep time in REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, which is associated with dreaming and brain development.

Question 7

The stage of sleep in which the slowest brain waves occur is

Accepted Answer

Stage 4, also known as delta sleep, is characterized by the slowest brain waves and is also called deep sleep or slow-wave sleep. During this stage, it is difficult to wake a person up, and if woken up, they may feel groggy or disoriented.

Question 8

A rapid EEG (beta waves), dreaming, rapid eye movements, and profound muscle relaxation go with

Accepted Answer

Rapid EEG (beta waves), dreaming, rapid eye movements, and profound muscle relaxation are all characteristics of REM sleep.

Question 9

Given the cyclical nature of sleep, we can expect to do the most dreaming

Accepted Answer

The answer of Given the cyclical nature of sleep, we...

Question 10

If you normally sleep eight hours each night, and last night you only slept for six hours, which stage of sleep would be MOST affected by the loss of total sleep time?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep is the stage of sleep that we typically get the least of throughout the night, with the majority of it occurring towards the end of the sleep cycle. Therefore, if we lose sleep, we are more likely to lose REM sleep as opposed to the other stages.

Question 11

If you were awakened while you are experiencing rapid eye movements you probably would report that you had

Accepted Answer

Rapid eye movements are a characteristic of the REM stage of sleep, during which dreaming occurs. Therefore, if awakened during this stage, one would likely report that they had been dreaming.

Question 12

The hypothesis concerning the evolutionary bases of sleep that has the strongest support suggests that sleep evolved to help individuals

Accepted Answer

The hypothesis that sleep evolved to help individuals conserve energy has the strongest support based on evidence from a variety of species and studies on sleep deprivation. Sleep allows the body to reduce energy consumption by lowering metabolic rate and body temperature.

Question 13

In general, as the cycle of sleep recurs through the night, it tends to contain

Accepted Answer

As the night progresses, the amount of time spent in deep sleep (Stage 4) decreases while the amount of time in REM sleep increases. Therefore, there is less Stage 4 and more REM as the cycle of sleep recurs through the night.

Question 14

REM sleep is characterised by all of the following except

Accepted Answer

During REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep, breathing and pulse rate are typically irregular, contrasting with the regular patterns observed during non-REM sleep. This phase is characterized by minimal bodily movement, the presence of beta waves (similar to those seen in an awake state), and dreaming.

Question 15

Which of the following has not been suggested as a hypothesis concerning the evolutionary bases of sleep?

Accepted Answer

All of the other options (A, B, and D) have been suggested as potential evolutionary reasons for the existence of sleep. However, the idea that sleep reduces the risk of accidents during the night has not been widely supported by scientific evidence.

Question 16

Which of the following statements does NOT represent a current hypothesis on the evolutionary bases of sleep?

Accepted Answer

The idea that sleep allows us to live out our unconscious wishes and desires is a Freudian psychoanalytic theory and does not represent a current hypothesis on the evolutionary basis of sleep. A, B, and D are all current evolutionary hypotheses on the purpose of sleep.

Question 17

"Manny got out of bed and began doing calisthenics during REM sleep, probably because he was dreaming about boot camp." What is WRONG with this statement?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that during REM sleep, our bodies are virtually paralyzed, which is known as atonia. Therefore, it is impossible for Manny to have done calisthenics during REM sleep, even if he was dreaming about boot camp.

Question 18

You are observing your friend Melissa while she is sleeping.She is tossing and turning.It is most likely that Melissa is currently in

Accepted Answer

The answer of You are observing your friend Melissa while...

Question 19

Bailey is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab.She has been asleep for just over an hour now, and her EEG is showing low amplitude, irregular brain wave patterns.Her breathing and pulse rate are irregular, and her eyes are darting back and forth beneath her closed eyelids.The researcher who is monitoring Bailey's sleep can conclude that Bailey

Accepted Answer

The low amplitude, irregular brain wave patterns, irregular breathing and pulse rate, and rapid eye movements (REMs) are all characteristic of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. Therefore, Bailey has just entered REM sleep.

Question 20

The brain wave pattern of a person in ____ sleep resembles the brain wave pattern observed when the individual is awake and alert.

Accepted Answer

REM sleep, also known as rapid eye movement sleep, is characterized by a high level of brain activity similar to that of being awake and alert. In contrast, the brain wave patterns of Stages 1-4 NREM sleep are much slower and less active, with decreasing levels of brain activity as the stages progress.

Quiz 5: States of Consciousness