Question 1

Your professor is conducting an investigation of visual attention in infants.A relatively complex pattern will be presented to the infants, hopefully eliciting visual attention.What do you predict will happen with repeated presentations of the complex visual stimulus?

Accepted Answer

This is because of the habituation phenomenon in which infants' attention to a repeated stimulus decreases over time, but upon presentation of a novel stimulus, their attention increases again. Therefore, with repeated presentations of the complex visual stimulus, infants will first become habituated to it and show a decrease in responding, but then they will become sensitized to it again and show an increase in responding.

Question 2

According to one study using lemon and lime juice to investigate the role of familiarity of food and its rated pleasantness, which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

The study found that initially, the familiarity of a taste (in this case, lemon and lime juice) increased its rated pleasantness. However, after repeated exposure, the pleasantness decreased. This suggests that repeated exposure to a food can lead to a decrease in enjoyment or preference for it. Choice A is incorrect because the study found that the pleasantness of a taste decreases with repeated exposure. Choice C is also incorrect because the opposite pattern was found. Choice D is not related to the study's findings.

Question 3

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially, there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Accepted Answer

The answer of A loud tone is repeatedly presented to...

Question 4

Which of the following is a true statement about habituation?

Accepted Answer

Habituation is a decrease in responsiveness to a stimulus with repeated presentations. This is due to the brain's decreased attention to a stimulus that is no longer novel or important. A) is incorrect because it describes sensitization, which is an increase in responsiveness to a stimulus with repeated presentations. C) and D) are incorrect because habituation only leads to a decrease in responsiveness, not an increase.

Question 5

Which of the following is not true of the dual-process theory?

Accepted Answer

The dual-process theory does not assume that the habituation and sensitization processes are mutually exclusive. In fact, both processes can occur simultaneously in response to the same stimulus.

Question 6

The dual-process theory assumes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The dual-process theory assumes that different types of neural mechanisms are responsible for increases and decreases in responsiveness to stimulation. It proposes that habituation occurs due to a decrease in response of the sensory neuron, while sensitization occurs due to an increase in the activity of the interneuron that modulates the sensory neuron. Therefore, option B is the correct answer. Option A is incorrect as it suggests that only one process is responsible for habituation and sensitization. Option C is incorrect as it suggests that habituation and sensitization do not have any differences. Option D is incorrect as it misrepresents the reason for habituation and sensitization.

Question 7

Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Response fatigue occurs during which of the...

Question 8

Sensory adaptation refers to changes in responses that occur due to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Sensory adaptation refers to changes in the sensory receptors in response to a constant or repetitive stimulus. This can result in a decrease in sensitivity over time, as the receptor becomes less active.

Question 9

A bright light causes a startle response.The second presentation of the light elicits less of a response because the subject was temporarily blinded by the first light flash.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bright light causes a startle response.The...

Question 10

Your roommate no longer drinks his orange juice every morning like the doctor ordered.He says he does not care for it any more.Based on learning principles, to increase his juice consumption, and benefit his health you suggest

Accepted Answer

This is an example of classical conditioning, where a conditioned stimulus (previously neutral) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to create a conditioned response. If your roommate used to enjoy orange juice, the taste of tangerine juice may be similar enough to trigger a similar response. Gradually introducing tangerine juice could eventually build up a positive association with the taste and increase his juice consumption. The other options are not likely to be effective in increasing his juice consumption.

Question 11

Repeated presentation of a stimulus will cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Repeated presentation of a stimulus will cause...

Question 12

To rule out response fatigue as the cause for the decreased responding that occurs over repeated presentations of a stimulus, the researcher should

Accepted Answer

By presenting a new stimulus that elicits a similar response, the researcher can rule out response fatigue as the cause for decreased responding. If the subject still responds similarly to the new stimulus, then it is likely that they are not fatigued but that there is some other factor at play. Additionally, option A may not be relevant if the subject is able to sense the stimulus but simply chooses not to respond. Option B may also not be relevant if the subject is only expected to respond in a specific way. Option D is not a useful choice as it is not related to ruling out response fatigue.

Question 13

Habituation and sensitization effects perform which of the following functions?

Accepted Answer

Habituation and sensitization effects help focus attention on relevant stimuli by reducing responses to irrelevant stimuli and increasing responses to important or novel stimuli.

Question 14

Fatigue occurs in which of the following physiological areas?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue occurs in the muscle tissue.

Question 15

The stabilimeter measures which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The stabilimeter measures which of the following?
...

Question 16

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs

Accepted Answer

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs after time passes. This means that, after a period of rest, the habituated response may return, even in the absence of any external stimuli or changes in the environment. Choice B and C refer to the possibility of factors that can cause response recovery, but they do not necessarily entail spontaneous recovery from habituation.

Question 17

Repeated presentations of a tactile stimulus make the skin receptors less sensitive, and responding decreases across trials.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

Sensory adaptation is the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system respond less to a constant stimulus. Repeated presentations of a tactile stimulus make the skin receptors less sensitive, and responding decreases across trials, which is the perfect example of sensory adaptation. Response fatigue refers to a temporary reduction in performance caused by prolonged or repeated use of a cognitive or motor system. Habituation is a decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure over time. Sensitization is an increase in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure over time. None of these options accurately describe the phenomenon mentioned in the question stem.

Question 18

Sensory adaptation occurs in which of the following physiological areas?

Accepted Answer

Sensory adaptation occurs in the sense organ. It is a process where the receptors in the sense organ become less responsive to a constant stimulus, leading to a decrease in sensation over time. This process helps to filter out unnecessary or unimportant information and allows the senses to focus on new or changing stimuli.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of visual attention in human infants?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true of...

Question 20

According to Groves and Thompson (1970), which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Groves and Thompson (1970), which...

Quiz 2: Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization