Question 1

Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are _____ likely to develop physical diseases and are _____ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that rotating shift schedules can disrupt the body's natural rhythms, leading to increased risk of physical diseases and decreased productivity compared to those with regular schedules.

Question 2

The circadian rhythm operates around a _____ cycle.

Accepted Answer

The circadian rhythm operates around a 24-hour cycle, regulating the sleep-wake pattern among other bodily functions in accordance to a day-night cycle.

Question 3

Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting the hormone involved in adjustments to our biological clocks?

Accepted Answer

The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which is involved in regulating the sleep-wake cycle and adjusting our biological clocks.

Question 4

Felicia is a participant in a study on stress reactions. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure her muscle tension?

Accepted Answer

An electromyograph (EMG) is specifically designed to measure muscle tension, making it the most likely instrument to be used in a study on stress reactions where muscle tension is a factor.

Question 5

The hormone that appears to play a key role in adjusting our biological clocks is ​

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is the hormone produced by the pineal gland that helps regulate sleep and wake cycles, effectively adjusting our biological clocks or circadian rhythms.

Question 6

Sleep spindles, which appear against a background of mixed EEG activity, are characteristic of _____ sleep.

Accepted Answer

Sleep spindles are characteristic of Stage 2 sleep. They are sudden bursts of oscillatory brain activity visible on an EEG that signify a deeper stage of sleep than Stage 1.

Question 7

Alexander is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, alpha waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Alexander

Accepted Answer

Alpha waves are characteristic of the relaxed, drowsy state that occurs while a person is still awake, just before falling asleep. They do not indicate deep sleep (stage 3), the initial stage of sleep (stage 1), or REM sleep.

Question 8

Based on existing research, which of the following is probably the safest sleep aid?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and is considered a safer option for managing sleep issues compared to substances like alcohol, benzodiazepines, and caffeine, which can have negative side effects or lead to dependence.

Question 9

The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species are known as _____ rhythms.

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythms are the 24-hour cycles that are part of the body's internal clock, running in the background to carry out essential functions and processes. One of the most important and well-known circadian rhythms is the sleep-wake cycle.

Question 10

Stage 1 sleep is represented by EEG brain-wave patterns referred to as _____ waves.

Accepted Answer

Stage 1 sleep is characterized by theta waves, which are slower and of higher amplitude than the alpha waves that dominate when we are awake and relaxed.

Question 11

Victoria is listening to a lecture in a hot lecture hall late on a Friday afternoon. She starts to feel drowsy and then falls into a light sleep. If her brain-wave patterns were being monitored, they would show a shift from

Accepted Answer

As Victoria transitions from an alert state (listening to the lecture) to drowsiness and then light sleep, her brain-wave patterns would shift from beta waves (associated with alertness and wakefulness) to alpha waves (associated with relaxed, calm states) and finally to theta waves (associated with light sleep).

Question 12

Based on what is known about circadian rhythms and jet lag, you might expect that a flight attendant would experience the most jet lag on a flight from ​

Accepted Answer

Jet lag is most severe when traveling across multiple time zones, especially in the eastward direction, because it's harder for the body to adjust to a shorter day than to a longer one. San Francisco to Philadelphia involves moving eastward across multiple time zones, exacerbating jet lag.

Question 13

Signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland have been implicated in ​

Accepted Answer

Signals from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland control melatonin secretion, which helps adjust the body's biological clock.

Question 14

The day-night cycle resets the human biological clock when light causes receptors in the retina to direct input to the _____ of the _____.

Accepted Answer

The day-night cycle resets the human biological clock through light impacting receptors in the retina, which then send signals to the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. This process is crucial for regulating circadian rhythms.

Question 15

Philippe is being monitored in a sleep lab. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure his eye movements?

Accepted Answer

The electrooculograph (EOG) is specifically designed to measure eye movements, which is essential in sleep studies, particularly for identifying REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep stages.

Question 16

Mary is a "night person" and Gary is a "morning person." This difference is probably due to differences in their

Accepted Answer

The difference between being a "night person" and a "morning person" is typically attributed to variations in their circadian rhythms, which are internal processes that regulate the sleep-wake cycle and repeat roughly every 24 hours.

Question 17

Which of the following appears to be the sequence of events associated with resetting one's biological clock? ​

Accepted Answer

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus is known to regulate circadian rhythms, including the sleep-wake cycle, by controlling the release of melatonin from the pineal gland. This process is a key aspect of resetting one's biological clock.

Question 18

Evidence from numerous studies on its effectiveness indicates that

Accepted Answer

Melatonin can help reduce jet lag if administered at the correct time, aligning with the body's natural circadian rhythms.

Question 19

Kayla's core body temperature has risen 1.5 degrees in the last half hour. This change in body temperature means that Kayla MOST likely

Accepted Answer

A rise in core body temperature can be a sign of waking up, as the body's temperature naturally increases upon waking from sleep.

Question 20

What appears to be responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm? ​

Accepted Answer

Exposure to light is a primary cue that influences circadian rhythms, which are the physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle, responding primarily to light and darkness in an organism's environment.

Quiz 5: Variations in Consciousness

Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are _ likely to develop physical diseases and are _ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.

The circadian rhythm operates around a _____ cycle.

Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting the hormone involved in adjustments to our biological clocks?

Felicia is a participant in a study on stress reactions. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure her muscle tension?

The hormone that appears to play a key role in adjusting our biological clocks is

Sleep spindles, which appear against a background of mixed EEG activity, are characteristic of _____ sleep.

Alexander is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, alpha waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Alexander

Based on existing research, which of the following is probably the safest sleep aid?

The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species are known as _____ rhythms.

Stage 1 sleep is represented by EEG brain-wave patterns referred to as _____ waves.

Victoria is listening to a lecture in a hot lecture hall late on a Friday afternoon. She starts to feel drowsy and then falls into a light sleep. If her brain-wave patterns were being monitored, they would show a shift from

Based on what is known about circadian rhythms and jet lag, you might expect that a flight attendant would experience the most jet lag on a flight from

Signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland have been implicated in

The day-night cycle resets the human biological clock when light causes receptors in the retina to direct input to the _ of the _.

Philippe is being monitored in a sleep lab. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure his eye movements?

Mary is a "night person" and Gary is a "morning person." This difference is probably due to differences in their

Which of the following appears to be the sequence of events associated with resetting one's biological clock?

Evidence from numerous studies on its effectiveness indicates that

Kayla's core body temperature has risen 1.5 degrees in the last half hour. This change in body temperature means that Kayla MOST likely

What appears to be responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm?

Quiz 5: Variations in Consciousness

Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are _____ likely to develop physical diseases and are _____ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.

The circadian rhythm operates around a _____ cycle.

Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting the hormone involved in adjustments to our biological clocks?

Felicia is a participant in a study on stress reactions. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure her muscle tension?

The hormone that appears to play a key role in adjusting our biological clocks is ​

Sleep spindles, which appear against a background of mixed EEG activity, are characteristic of _____ sleep.

Alexander is hooked up to an electroencephalograph (EEG) in a sleep lab. As the researcher watches the printout from the EEG, alpha waves appear. Based on this information, the researcher can conclude that Alexander

Based on existing research, which of the following is probably the safest sleep aid?

The 24-hour biological cycles found in humans and many other species are known as _____ rhythms.

Stage 1 sleep is represented by EEG brain-wave patterns referred to as _____ waves.

Victoria is listening to a lecture in a hot lecture hall late on a Friday afternoon. She starts to feel drowsy and then falls into a light sleep. If her brain-wave patterns were being monitored, they would show a shift from

Based on what is known about circadian rhythms and jet lag, you might expect that a flight attendant would experience the most jet lag on a flight from ​

Signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland have been implicated in ​

The day-night cycle resets the human biological clock when light causes receptors in the retina to direct input to the _____ of the _____.

Philippe is being monitored in a sleep lab. Which of the following instruments would MOST likely be used to measure his eye movements?

Mary is a "night person" and Gary is a "morning person." This difference is probably due to differences in their

Which of the following appears to be the sequence of events associated with resetting one's biological clock? ​

Evidence from numerous studies on its effectiveness indicates that

Kayla's core body temperature has risen 1.5 degrees in the last half hour. This change in body temperature means that Kayla MOST likely

What appears to be responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm? ​

Research has shown that people who work on a rotating shift schedule are _ likely to develop physical diseases and are _ productive than people who do not work on a rotating shift schedule.

The hormone that appears to play a key role in adjusting our biological clocks is

Based on what is known about circadian rhythms and jet lag, you might expect that a flight attendant would experience the most jet lag on a flight from

Signals sent from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the pineal gland have been implicated in

The day-night cycle resets the human biological clock when light causes receptors in the retina to direct input to the _ of the _.

Which of the following appears to be the sequence of events associated with resetting one's biological clock?

What appears to be responsible for regulating the circadian rhythm?