Question 1

Which of the following elements is particularly critical to include in a deception study, but is not usually required in other types of studies?
A)IRB approval
B)Demand characteristics
C)Complete debriefing
D)Informed consent

Accepted Answer

Complete debriefing is particularly critical in deception studies to ensure that participants are fully informed about the nature of the study after their participation, including any deception that was used. This helps to address any potential ethical concerns and ensures participants leave the study with a correct understanding of its purposes and methods.

Question 2

The influence of Freudian psychoanalysis on psychology is most readily seen in ____.
A)the identification of neurological correlates
B)detailed studies of genotypes and phenotypes
C)elaborate interpretation of individual experiences
D)the systematic search for reinforcement contingencies

Accepted Answer

Freudian psychoanalysis is known for its focus on the unconscious mind and the interpretation of dreams, slips of the tongue, and other individual experiences to uncover underlying psychological issues. This approach emphasizes the elaborate interpretation of individual experiences as a means to understand and treat psychological disorders.

Question 3

Behaviorism seeks to explain human behavior in terms of ____ .
A)attitudes
B)inner states
C)learning principles
D)evolution

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

Who among the following psychologists was the first to publish a social psychology textbook titled Social Psychology in the 1900s?
A)Kurt Lewin
B)Norman Triplett
C)Edward Ross
D)Max Ringelmann

Accepted Answer

Edward Ross was the first to publish a social psychology textbook titled "Social Psychology" in 1908, marking a significant contribution to the field.

Question 5

Given Max Ringelmann's early research looking at group size and individual effort, should we expect Student X to put in a different amount of effort depending on whether she worked on a history project in a five-person group rather than a two-person group?
A)Yes, we should expect her to work harder in the five-person group.
B)Yes, we should expect her to work harder in the two-person group.
C)No, we should expect her to work equally hard in both groups.
D)It is impossible to say; it appears group size effects depend on other variables. ​

Accepted Answer

Max Ringelmann's research found that individuals tend to exert less effort on a task when they are in larger groups, a phenomenon known as social loafing. Therefore, we should expect Student X to work harder in the smaller, two-person group.

Question 6

Today, both funded and unfunded studies conducted at universities must first obtain ____ approval.
A)ABPP
B)IRB
C)APA
D)ERB

Accepted Answer

IRB, or Institutional Review Board, is the correct answer because it is the body responsible for reviewing and approving research studies to ensure they are ethical and protect the rights and welfare of participants.

Question 7

Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists, we should expect that people who exercise on rowing machines at gyms are more likely to ____ than people who exercise on the same machines in the privacy of their homes.
A)burn more calories
B)burn less calories
C)feel a sense of accomplishment
D)feel a sense of failure

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett's early research on social facilitation found that individuals perform tasks better or more vigorously in the presence of others than when alone. This suggests that people exercising on rowing machines at gyms, where others are present, are likely to burn more calories compared to those exercising alone at home.

Question 8

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Max Ringelmann observed men as they pulled on a rope either alone, as part of a small group, or as part of a large group. He found that as the size of the group increased, ____.
A)individual effort increased
B)individual effort decreased
C)the task took longer to complete
D)the task took less time to complete

Accepted Answer

Ringelmann discovered that individual effort decreased as the size of the group increased, a phenomenon now known as the Ringelmann effect or social loafing.

Question 9

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Norman Triplett examined the records of teams of cyclists. He found that cyclists who raced against each other ____ than those who raced alone (against the clock).
A)were more aggressive after the race
B)got into more accidents
C)cycled more quickly
D)enjoyed the race less

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett's research is one of the earliest examples of social facilitation theory in psychology. He discovered that cyclists tend to perform better (i.e., cycle more quickly) when they are in the presence of competitors compared to when they are racing alone. This finding suggests that the presence of others can enhance performance on certain tasks.

Question 10

Maya is required to turn in her book report by the end of the week. Based on Kurt Lewin's formula, what kinds of information will Maya's teacher need to predict whether she will indeed get the book report by Friday?
A)She will need to know whether Maya likes the book and whether her computer is working properly.
B)She will need to know whether Maya has weekend plans with her friends.
C)She will need to know whether Maya's parents earn enough to pay her tuition fee.
D)She will need to know whether Maya scored well the previous year and whether her brother will help her with the report.

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin's formula, B=f(P,E), suggests behavior is a function of the person and their environment. Knowing if Maya likes the book and if her computer works (personal and environmental factors) helps predict her behavior (completing the report).

Question 11

In the history of psychology and social psychology, the late 1800s and early 1900s marked ____.
A)the very first social psychological experiments
B)social psychology's independence from behaviorism
C)the beginnings of research in social cognition
D)the beginnings of research in social neuroscience

Accepted Answer

The late 1800s and early 1900s marked the period when the very first social psychological experiments were conducted, laying the groundwork for the field as a distinct scientific discipline.

Question 12

Suppose you own a rowboat and enjoy going rowing on a nearby lake in the summer. In June, you are planning to go rowing with two of your friends (three people in total in the boat), and in July, you are planning to go rowing with just one friend (two people in total in the boat). Will you put in more effort (row harder)on the three-person trip or on the two-person trip?
A)You will put in more effort on the three-person trip.
B)You will put in more effort on the two-person trip.
C)You will put in the same amount of effort on both trips.
D)It is impossible to say-research is inconclusive.

Accepted Answer

With fewer people in the boat, each person needs to contribute more effort to maintain the same speed, so you will likely row harder on the two-person trip.

Question 13

During the first half of the 20th century, who argued that attitudes were the most important and useful concept in social psychology?
A)Kurt Lewin
B)Max Ringelmann
C)Norman Triplett
D)Gordon Allport

Accepted Answer

Gordon Allport is known for emphasizing the importance of attitudes in social psychology, arguing that they were the most important and useful concept for understanding human social behavior.

Question 14

Milgram's famous studies of obedience to authority were motivated by which of the following historical events?
A)The Holocaust
B)The fall of Communism
C)The return of soldiers from Desert Storm
D)The Great Depression

Accepted Answer

Milgram's studies were directly inspired by the events of the Holocaust, as he sought to understand how ordinary people could commit acts of great evil under the influence of authority.

Question 15

Who proposed the idea that behavior is a function of both the person and the situation in the first half of the 20th century?
A)Max Ringelmann
B)Norman Triplett
C)Kurt Lewin
D)Gordon Allport

Accepted Answer

Kurt Lewin is widely recognized for proposing the idea that behavior is a function of both the person and the environment or situation, a fundamental concept in social psychology. This perspective emphasizes the interaction between individual characteristics and external influences.

Question 16

Dr. Puni does not want the participants in his study to be aware of his hypothesis. What will he strive to reduce in his study?
A)Margin of error
B)Divergent validity
C)Measurement validity
D)Demand characteristics

Accepted Answer

Dr. Puni will strive to reduce demand characteristics in his study to prevent participants from being aware of his hypothesis. Demand characteristics refer to cues that participants pick up on that allow them to guess the purpose of the study, which can influence their behavior and responses, potentially biasing the results.

Question 17

In the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream psychology was divided between two main theoretical camps: ____.
A)trait theory and behaviorism
B)Freudian psychoanalysis and humanism
C)humanism and trait theory
D)behaviorism and Freudian psychoanalysis

Accepted Answer

In the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream psychology was primarily divided between behaviorism, which focused on observable behaviors and their relationship to the environment, and Freudian psychoanalysis, which emphasized unconscious processes and childhood experiences.

Question 18

Based on early research by Norman Triplett, we should expect that children who work on math problems alone will ____ than children who work on math problems side by side with their classmates.
A)work more slowly
B)work more quickly
C)second-guess themselves less
D)second-guess themselves more

Accepted Answer

Norman Triplett's early research on social facilitation suggests that the presence of others can enhance performance on simple tasks, but for complex tasks like math problems, it might lead to slower performance due to increased pressure or distraction.

Question 19

When did social psychology begin to come into its own as a field?
A)The 1910s and 1920s
B)The 1930s and 1940s
C)The 1950s and 1960s
D)The 1970s and 1980s

Accepted Answer

The answer of When did social psychology begin to come...

Question 20

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Norman Triplett built a "competition machine," in which children wind up a fishing reel. He found that the children were able to wind more quickly when ____.
A)they worked as a group side by side than when they worked alone
B)they worked alone than when they worked as a group side by side
C)they were explicitly asked to work as fast as possible
D)they were explicitly asked to take their time to "get it right"

Accepted Answer

Triplett's experiment demonstrated the social facilitation effect, where individuals perform tasks better or faster in the presence of others than when alone.

Quiz 1: The Mission and the Method

Which of the following elements is particularly critical to include in a deception study, but is not usually required in other types of studies?

The influence of Freudian psychoanalysis on psychology is most readily seen in ____.

Behaviorism seeks to explain human behavior in terms of ____ .

Who among the following psychologists was the first to publish a social psychology textbook titled Social Psychology in the 1900s?

Given Max Ringelmann's early research looking at group size and individual effort, should we expect Student X to put in a different amount of effort depending on whether she worked on a history project in a five-person group rather than a two-person group?

Today, both funded and unfunded studies conducted at universities must first obtain ____ approval.

Based on early research by Norman Triplett with racing cyclists, we should expect that people who exercise on rowing machines at gyms are more likely to ____ than people who exercise on the same machines in the privacy of their homes.

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Max Ringelmann observed men as they pulled on a rope either alone, as part of a small group, or as part of a large group. He found that as the size of the group increased, ____.

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Norman Triplett examined the records of teams of cyclists. He found that cyclists who raced against each other ____ than those who raced alone (against the clock) .

Maya is required to turn in her book report by the end of the week. Based on Kurt Lewin's formula, what kinds of information will Maya's teacher need to predict whether she will indeed get the book report by Friday?

In the history of psychology and social psychology, the late 1800s and early 1900s marked ____.

During the first half of the 20th century, who argued that attitudes were the most important and useful concept in social psychology?

Milgram's famous studies of obedience to authority were motivated by which of the following historical events?

Who proposed the idea that behavior is a function of both the person and the situation in the first half of the 20th century?

Dr. Puni does not want the participants in his study to be aware of his hypothesis. What will he strive to reduce in his study?

In the 1950s and 1960s, mainstream psychology was divided between two main theoretical camps: ____.

Based on early research by Norman Triplett, we should expect that children who work on math problems alone will ____ than children who work on math problems side by side with their classmates.

When did social psychology begin to come into its own as a field?

In one of the first social psychological experiments ever conducted, researcher Norman Triplett built a "competition machine," in which children wind up a fishing reel. He found that the children were able to wind more quickly when ____.