Question 1

According to research by Zhou and colleagues (2009), social rejection leads people to

Accepted Answer

Research by Zhou and colleagues (2009) found that social rejection leads people to value money more, likely as a compensatory mechanism for the lack of social connections.

Question 2

Cleon has always enjoyed making ceramic figurines for his colleagues. In return for a particular piece, a colleague gives him $100. Cleon's intrinsic motivation for making ceramic figurines is particularly likely to be undermined if he

Accepted Answer

Cleon's intrinsic motivation for making ceramic figurines is likely to be undermined if he perceives that money controls his behavior. This is because intrinsic motivation comes from within and is driven by personal interest or enjoyment in the task itself, rather than external rewards or pressures. If Cleon starts to feel that his actions are controlled by external rewards (like money), rather than his own interest in making figurines, his intrinsic motivation can decrease.

Question 3

Greenberg (1988) found that workers assigned to higher-status offices improve their job performance, whereas those assigned to lower-status offices slow their performance. This finding supports the predictions of

Accepted Answer

Greenberg's findings support equity theory, which suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain fairness between their inputs and outcomes in comparison to others. Being assigned to a higher-status office is perceived as a positive outcome, which can motivate an employee to increase their job performance to maintain equity. Conversely, being assigned to a lower-status office is seen as a negative outcome, leading to reduced performance as the employee perceives an imbalance in their work-related rewards.

Question 4

According to Amabile and Kramer (2011), ____ is one of the most important factors to motivation at work.

Accepted Answer

Amabile and Kramer (2011) emphasize the significance of making meaningful progress in one's work as a key factor for motivation, a concept they refer to as the "progress principle."

Question 5

Which of the following are the perspectives of motivation identifying the needs that energize behavior?

Accepted Answer

Content theories of motivation specifically focus on identifying the needs that energize behavior. They aim to understand what factors motivate individuals by identifying and categorizing these needs.

Question 6

In considering whether or not she is satisfied with the compensation she receives from her job, Imelda is likely to consider all of these factors except

Accepted Answer

The procedural interdependence of the company is not directly related to an individual's satisfaction with their compensation. Factors like benefits, raises, and internal salary differences are directly related to personal compensation satisfaction, whereas procedural interdependence pertains to how different parts of the company work together, which doesn't directly impact an individual's view on their own compensation.

Question 7

Summer, the owner of a music box company, subscribes to equity theory. It is likely that she will be especially concerned that

Accepted Answer

Equity theory focuses on the fairness and equity of the distribution of resources within social relationships, particularly in the workplace. It suggests that individuals are motivated by a desire for fairness in the rewards they receive for their efforts and contributions. Therefore, Summer would be especially concerned that people who put maximum efforts into the company earn the highest salaries, as this aligns with the principles of equity theory, ensuring that rewards (in this case, salaries) are distributed based on the effort and contribution of the employees.

Question 8

Terrell is concerned because he feels that he is working harder and performing better than most of the other wide receivers in the NFL, yet he is not being paid more than many of them. His concerns are consistent with

Accepted Answer

Equity theory focuses on the fairness of how rewards are distributed within groups, suggesting that individuals compare their job inputs and outcomes with those of others to determine if they are being treated fairly. Terrell's concerns about his pay relative to his performance and comparison to other wide receivers align with the principles of equity theory.

Question 9

According to Judge and colleagues (2010), job satisfaction is ____ with pay.

Accepted Answer

Judge and colleagues (2010) found that job satisfaction is weakly and positively correlated with pay, indicating that while there is a positive relationship, it is not strong.

Question 10

According to expectancy theory, worker motivation depends on all of these factors except

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory posits that worker motivation is primarily influenced by the expectation that their efforts will lead to desired outcomes (valued rewards, performance recognition, and a belief that effort will improve performance), not necessarily by high intrinsic motivation.

Question 11

According to Locke and Latham, what feature(s) must a goal have to be effective?

Accepted Answer

According to Locke and Latham's goal-setting theory, for a goal to be effective, it must be specific and challenging (difficult). Specific goals provide a clear direction, and difficult goals help to increase effort and performance.

Question 12

Carmelo is an extremely talented basketball player. Several professional teams offer him lots of money to play for them. Though he doesn't particularly enjoy playing basketball, he continues to play because of the money. In this situation, Carmelo is

Accepted Answer

Carmelo continues to play basketball primarily for the financial rewards, which is an example of extrinsic motivation. Extrinsic motivation refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards such as money, fame, grades, and praise.

Question 13

Lancelot would like to increase employee motivation with potential rewards. His employee Carry does not care about the reward and remains self-motivated. According to expectancy theory, what should be the valence of a person who is indifferent to the outcome?

Accepted Answer

Valence in expectancy theory refers to the emotional orientations people hold with respect to outcomes [rewards]. A valence of 0 indicates indifference to the outcome, which aligns with Carry's attitude towards the reward.

Question 14

Research by Vohs and colleagues (2006) demonstrates the effects of leading participants to think about money. What is not one of those effects?

Accepted Answer

Research by Vohs et al. (2006) found that thinking about money leads individuals to prefer working alone, be less likely to ask for help, and offer less assistance to others, but it did not find that it leads to interference in other people's lives.

Question 15

Researchers suggest that investors are more influenced by news and stock market tips during periods of rising and falling prices than during periods of relative stability. This is consistent with social psychological research concerning

Accepted Answer

During periods of rising and falling prices, investors are more likely to be influenced by others due to uncertainty and volatility, which aligns with conformity (changing behavior to match others) and social comparison processes (evaluating one's opinions and abilities by comparing oneself to others).

Question 16

_______ theory of motivation starts with a belief that employees are rational.

Accepted Answer

Expectancy theory of motivation, proposed by Victor Vroom, is based on the premise that people are rational and make conscious decisions about their behavior in the workplace. This theory suggests that individuals are motivated to engage in behaviors when they believe that their efforts will lead to desirable outcomes.

Question 17

Thor would like to get his son to read more without compromising the child's intrinsic motivation to read. Which of the following strategies could best achieve this?

Accepted Answer

Giving the child a new book for every book that he reads and acknowledging his efforts can enhance his intrinsic motivation by making reading a rewarding and enjoyable activity, without imposing external pressures or competition.

Question 18

Which type of goal will be most effective in motivating a salesperson?

Accepted Answer

Specific and challenging goals, like increasing sales by a specific percentage, are more effective in motivating individuals compared to vague or easily achievable goals. A 50% increase is specific and ambitious, providing a clear target to strive for.

Question 19

The _______ is the tendency for people to inflate the value of objects, good, or services they already own.

Accepted Answer

The endowment effect describes the phenomenon where people ascribe more value to things merely because they own them. This cognitive bias leads individuals to value an owned object higher than its market value.

Question 20

In 2012, American women were paid 82 cents for every dollar men were paid. Which of the following explanations for this gender-based wage disparity is not one proposed by your text?

Accepted Answer

The explanation in D, focusing on differences in self-view (interdependent for women vs. independent for men), is not commonly cited as a reason for the gender-based wage disparity. The other options (A, B, C) relate more directly to societal and psychological factors that contribute to wage differences.

Quiz 13: Business

According to research by Zhou and colleagues (2009) , social rejection leads people to