Question 1

Research suggests that higher intelligence in young adulthood:

Accepted Answer

Higher intelligence in young adulthood is associated with lower mortality rates in middle age. This relationship is often attributed to a variety of factors, including healthier lifestyles, better access to healthcare, and the cognitive and social benefits associated with higher intelligence, which may contribute to lower risk behaviors and better disease management.

Question 2

What constitutes the highest level of thinking in adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Postformal thought is considered the highest level of thinking in adulthood, as it goes beyond formal operational thought (hypothetical-deductive reasoning) to include complex, reflective, and contextual thinking, integrating emotions and practical considerations.

Question 3

When making a court decision, Judge Ito says, "I try to come to reasonable solutions based on the best arguments that I have available." Judge Ito appears to be in the ____ stages of reflective judgment.

Accepted Answer

Judge Ito's approach to decision-making, focusing on reasonable solutions based on the best arguments, aligns with the later stages of reflective judgment. This stage is characterized by understanding that knowledge is constructed through critical thinking and evaluation of evidence.

Question 4

Which of these BEST describes the way middle-aged people think about a young couple who eloped over their parents' objections?

Accepted Answer

Middle-aged people often consider practical aspects like age and life experience when evaluating situations involving young couples, as they may prioritize stability and long-term considerations.

Question 5

In order to qualify as a "postformal thinker," one must be able to accept:

Accepted Answer

Postformal thinking involves recognizing and accepting that contradictions are a part of life and that many questions do not have a single, clear-cut answer. This level of thinking goes beyond formal operational thought by understanding that truth can vary based on perspective and context.

Question 6

At what point in an average woman's life would her crystallized intelligence scores be MOST significantly greater than her fluid intelligence scores?

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence, which refers to the accumulation of knowledge, facts, and skills that are acquired throughout life, tends to increase with age. Fluid intelligence, which encompasses the ability to reason quickly and think abstractly, tends to peak in early adulthood and gradually decline. Therefore, by retirement age (around age 63), an average woman's crystallized intelligence would be significantly greater than her fluid intelligence, reflecting a lifetime of accumulated knowledge and experience.

Question 7

Mature thinkers tend to:

Accepted Answer

Mature thinkers understand the importance of balancing emotion and logic in decision-making. They recognize that both elements play critical roles in forming well-rounded decisions, rather than relying solely on one or the other.

Question 8

The statement, "Nothing in life can be known for certain" is MOST likely to be uttered by someone at the ____ stage of reflective judgment.

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects a perspective commonly associated with the middle stages of reflective judgment, where individuals recognize that knowledge is often uncertain and that many questions cannot be answered definitively.

Question 9

The neural efficiency hypothesis states that:

Accepted Answer

The neural efficiency hypothesis suggests that intelligent people use their brains more efficiently, meaning they require less effort and activation in fewer areas to perform the same cognitive tasks as less intelligent individuals. This is reflected in weaker neural activations in a smaller number of brain areas.

Question 10

Neuroimaging evidence indicates the integration of emotion and logic takes place in the _____ and the _____.

Accepted Answer

The integration of emotion and logic primarily occurs in the prefrontal cortex and the anterior insula, areas of the brain involved in complex cognitive processes and emotional awareness, respectively.

Question 11

Jason believes that gun control is absolutely wrong and that the right to possess guns is an absolute right. Jason would probably be closest to the ____ stage of reflective judgment.

Accepted Answer

Jason's belief in absolute rights without considering other perspectives or complexities suggests he is in the initial stage of reflective judgment, where thinking is more black-and-white.

Question 12

Ralphie believes that following school rules is important because a teacher's authority should not be questioned. Ralphie would probably be closest to the ____ stage of reflective judgment.

Accepted Answer

Ralphie's belief aligns with the initial stage of reflective judgment, where individuals tend to accept authority figures' views without question, indicating a pre-reflective thinking pattern.

Question 13

The believing that a statement like "marriage is more important than a career" is an absolute is MOST prevalent among which age group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The believing that a statement like "marriage...

Question 14

The theory that proposes that intelligence comes from a distributed and integrated network of neurons in the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain is called:

Accepted Answer

The parieto-frontal integration theory suggests that intelligence is a result of the integrated functioning of neurons across the parietal and frontal lobes of the brain, emphasizing the importance of the network between these areas in cognitive processes.

Question 15

Which individual is MOST likely to effectively integrate emotion into their thinking?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which individual is MOST likely to effectively...

Question 16

When Satoru ponders the question, "How can light be both a wave and a particle?" he is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

Reflective judgment involves considering complex problems that don't have clear-cut answers, such as the dual nature of light in physics, which can be understood as both a wave and a particle.

Question 17

Research indicates emotional intelligence:

Accepted Answer

Research generally supports the idea that emotional intelligence increases with age, as individuals gain more experience and better coping strategies for managing their emotions and understanding those of others.

Question 18

When Lorenzo ponders the question, "How can women remain in abusive relationships?" he is engaging in:

Accepted Answer

Lorenzo is engaging in reflective judgment, which involves considering complex problems that may not have clear solutions, reflecting on various perspectives or aspects of a situation. In this case, he is thinking deeply about the complexities of why women may stay in abusive relationships.

Question 19

One of the MOST likely reasons for the typical developmental path for crystallized intelligence is that:

Accepted Answer

Crystallized intelligence refers to the accumulation of knowledge, skills, and experience that individuals gain over their lifetime. This type of intelligence typically increases or remains stable with age because practice and continuous learning tend to improve performance in areas that rely on accumulated knowledge and expertise.

Question 20

Postformal adult thinkers differ from adolescent formal operational thinkers in that the adults are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Postformal adult thinkers are more likely to consider situational circumstances, reflecting a more nuanced and flexible approach to problem-solving compared to the more rigid and abstract thinking of adolescent formal operational thinkers.

Quiz 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development in Young Adulthood