Question 1

____ is the first-line fluid used in fluid resuscitation for the critically ill child.

Accepted Answer

Normal saline is the first-line fluid used in fluid resuscitation for the critically ill child as it is isotonic and can restore circulating volume quickly. Insulin, sodium, and epinephrine are not commonly used as first-line fluids for resuscitation.

Question 2

The most common cause of death in children younger than six months of age is ____.

Accepted Answer

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death in children younger than six months of age, accounting for more than 1 in every 3 deaths. Other causes such as abuse, birth defects, and trauma are also significant but less common.

Question 3

____________________ is the absence of a pulse with organized activity on cardiac monitoring.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is the absence of a pulse...

Question 4

____________________ is a subset of ventricular tachycardia with alternating amplitudes above and below the isoelectric line resulting from multiple irritable foci in the ventricles, essentially producing a multiform ventricular tachycardia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ is a subset of ventricular tachycardia...

Question 5

SVT refractory may respond to ____, as it offers the chemical equivalent of defibrillation.

Accepted Answer

Adenosine is the only medication listed that offers the chemical equivalent of defibrillation, meaning it can quickly restore normal heart rate in the case of SVT refractory. Glycogen is a carbohydrate and not a medication used for cardiac rhythm management. Atropine is used for symptomatic bradycardia and not applicable to SVT. Sertraline is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) used for depression and anxiety and is not related to cardiac rhythm management.

Question 6

Treatment of sinus tachycardia with poor perfusion consists of ____________________ and addressing the underlying cause of the tachycardia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Treatment of sinus tachycardia with poor perfusion...

Question 7

If the patient in pediatric pulseless cardiopulmonary arrest has a shockable rhythm, the Paramedic's first step is to administer a single shock at an energy level of ____ joules/kg.

Accepted Answer

For pediatric patients in pulseless cardiopulmonary arrest with a shockable rhythm, the initial shock energy level is 2 joules/kg.

Question 8

Respiratory ____________________ are a common cause of respiratory failure and include pneumonia, bronchiolitis, and other viral causes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Respiratory ____________________ are a common cause of...

Question 9

After administrating a shock to the patient in pediatric pulseless cardiopulmonary arrest, the Paramedic should complete ____ cycles of CPR and then perform a simultaneous rhythm and pulse check.

Accepted Answer

According to the American Heart Association guidelines, after a shock is delivered in pediatric pulseless cardiopulmonary arrest, the provider should complete five cycles of CPR (30 compressions and 2 breaths) before performing a simultaneous rhythm and pulse check.

Question 10

The Paramedic can use a quick method to determine the low normal systolic blood pressure for children by doubling the patient's age in years and adding that to ____.

Accepted Answer

The formula for estimating the low normal systolic blood pressure in children is 70 plus twice the child's age in years.

Question 11

Surgical and percutaneous cricothyrotomy intubation techniques are contraindicated in children who are younger than ____ due to significant tracheal stenosis that can occur.

Accepted Answer

Surgical and percutaneous cricothyrotomy intubation techniques are generally contraindicated in children younger than 12 years due to the high risk of significant tracheal stenosis that can occur as a result of these procedures.

Question 12

If a vasopressor medication is required for a pediatric patient with poor perfusion, ____ is the initial drug of choice.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine is the initial drug of choice for a pediatric patient with poor perfusion as it is a potent vasoconstrictor and also has positive inotropic (increases cardiac output) and chronotropic (increases heart rate) effects. Prednisone and fluoxetine are not vasopressors, and propranolol is a beta-blocker which would further decrease cardiac output and worsen the patient's condition.

Question 13

____ remains the most common cause of death in children six months and older.

Accepted Answer

Trauma is the leading cause of death in children six months and older, often due to accidents such as motor vehicle crashes, falls, or drowning.

Question 14

Specific ____________________ have been implicated as the cause of Long QT syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Specific ____________________ have been implicated as the...

Question 15

If the child's fontanel is depressed (i.e., the skin sinks below the level of the surrounding bone at the fontanel), the child is ____.

Accepted Answer

A depressed fontanel indicates that the child is hypovolemic or dehydrated. This is because the fontanel is normally slightly convex and filled with fluid, but when there is a lack of fluid in the body, the fontanel may appear sunken or depressed. Hypothermia, hypoglycemia, and hypoxia do not typically cause fontanel depression.

Quiz 41: The Critically Ill Child