Question 1

Inference is a form of logic in which you make a generalization about a small set of members of a class based upon complete knowledge about that entire class.

Accepted Answer

Inference is a form of logic in which you make a generalization about an entire class based on incomplete knowledge or evidence, not complete knowledge.

Question 2

In parameter estimation, a value such as the population mean is estimated based on a sample's mean and its size.

Accepted Answer

This is true as parameter estimation involves using sample statistics, such as the sample mean and size, to estimate the value of a population parameter, such as the population mean.

Question 3

In hypothesis testing, given the standard error of the percentage (or mean)remains constant, the closer the hypothesized value is to the sample statistic:
A) the smaller the z
B) the larger the z
C) the more likely the z is to approach 100
D) the z nears 0
E) the z nears 2.58

Accepted Answer

The z-score measures the number of standard errors the sample statistic is from the hypothesized value. If the hypothesized value is closer to the sample statistic, the z-score will be smaller, indicating less deviation.

Question 4

Which of the following may be used to estimate a "best," "pessimistic," and "optimistic," value of market potential?
A) mean, median, mode
B) a confidence interval
C) hypothesis test (three)
D) the theoretical market potential estimator
E) intuitive hypothesis tests (three)

Accepted Answer

A confidence interval is a range within which the true value of market potential is expected to fall with a certain level of confidence. By calculating upper and lower bounds of the confidence interval, we can estimate the "pessimistic" and "optimistic" values, while the midpoint of the range can be considered as the "best" estimate.

Question 5

Statistical inference is a set of procedures in which the population size and sample statistics are used to make estimates of population parameters.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately describes what statistical inference is.

Question 6

Which of the following is a directional hypothesis?
A) The population percentage is equal to 60%.
B) The population percentage is not equal to 60%.
C) The population mean is equal to $50.
D) The population percentage is less than 70%.
E) The population mean is equal to 100.

Accepted Answer

The directional hypothesis is a hypothesis that predicts the direction of the relationship between two variables. Thus, the best choice is D because it predicts that the population percentage is less than 70%, which is a directional hypothesis. The other choices are null or non-directional hypotheses.

Question 7

When you use SPSS to test a hypothesis for a mean, you must do which of the following?
A) run a DESCRIPTIVES program first
B) specify a test value
C) calculate the standard error of the hypothesis
D) plot the data points
E) run a scatterplot

Accepted Answer

When testing a hypothesis for a mean in SPSS, you must specify a test value, also known as the null hypothesis value, that you want to test. This may involve selecting a one-tailed or two-tailed test and setting the level of significance. While running a DESCRIPTIVES program and calculating the standard error may be helpful in understanding the data, they are not necessary steps in hypothesis testing for a mean in SPSS. Plotting the data points or running a scatterplot is also not required for hypothesis testing for a mean.

Question 8

Greek letters are used for sample statistics and Roman letters are used for parameters.

Accepted Answer

Greek letters are used for parameters and Roman letters are used for sample statistics.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT used to test hypotheses?
A) sample statistic (mean or percentage)
B) Roman parameter
C) standard error of the statistic (mean or percentage)
D) hypothesized parameter value
E) desired level of confidence

Accepted Answer

Roman parameters do not exist in statistical hypothesis testing. The other four choices are commonly used in hypothesis testing.

Question 10

If the SPSS output for the test of the hypothesis about a mean shows a significance of 0.000, this means:
A) SPSS failed to run the test
B) the significance level shows very little support for the hypothesis
C) the significance level shows much support for the hypothesis
D) more data is needed
E) the wrong test statistic was chosen.

Accepted Answer

A significance level of 0.000 indicates that the null hypothesis is rejected, showing very little support for it, suggesting strong evidence against the null hypothesis.

Question 11

In hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis:
A) is always implicit
B) is sometimes stated
C) will be supported if the stated hypothesis is not supported
D) will not be supported if the stated hypothesis is supported
E) All of the above are true.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis:
A) is...

Question 12

The SPSS output for the test of the hypothesis about a mean includes which of the following?
A) the N (which is the sample size)
B) mean
C) standard deviation
D) standard error of the mean
E) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The SPSS output for the test of the hypothesis about a mean includes all of the following: the sample size (N), mean, standard deviation, and standard error of the mean. Therefore, the best choice is E, which is all of the above.

Question 13

To use SPSS to test a hypothesis for a percentage you would use:
A) ANALYZE; TEST HYPOTHESIS; PERCENTAGE
B) ANALYZE; TRANSFORM; HYPOTHESIS
C) ANALYZE; CONFIDENCE LEVEL; HYPOTHESIS; PERCENTAGE
D) ANALYZE; CONFIDENCE LEVEL; PERCENTAGE
E) None of the above; SPSS does not test hypotheses for percentages.

Accepted Answer

SPSS does not have a specific function for testing hypotheses for percentages. However, statistical tests such as chi-square or binomial tests can be used to test hypotheses related to percentages. These tests can be found under "Analyze" > "Nonparametric Tests" in the SPSS menu.

Question 14

Values that are computed from a complete census, which are considered to be precise and valid measures of the population, are referred to as parameters.

Accepted Answer

Parameters are values derived from a complete census of a population, and are considered precise and valid measures of the entire population.

Question 15

If we make a hypothesis and wish to be 95 percent confident in testing the hypothesis, a z score that supports the hypothesis will fall ________ of + or - 1.96:
A) inside
B) outside
C) near, but not inside
D) near, but not alongside
E) within some multiple

Accepted Answer

A z score that supports the hypothesis will fall inside of + or - 1.96 because a 95% confidence level corresponds to a z-score of +/- 1.96.

Question 16

Which of the following refers to using sample data to accept or reject some exact specification as to what the population parameter is?
A) confidence analysis
B) standard error analysis
C) hypothesis testing
D) specification support/rejection
E) theory testing

Accepted Answer

Hypothesis testing involves using sample data to make a decision about a population parameter, which can include accepting or rejecting a specific specification of the parameter. Confidence analysis and standard error analysis are related to statistical inference but do not specifically involve making a decision about a population parameter. Specification support/rejection and theory testing are not common terms in statistics.

Question 17

If we make a greater than directional hypothesis and wish to be 95 percent confident in testing the hypothesis, a z score that supports the hypothesis will be a value ________ +1.64:
A) inside
B) outside
C) greater than
D) less than
E) of 5 percent less than

Accepted Answer

For a one-tailed test with a 95% confidence level, the critical z-value is +1.64. A z-score greater than +1.64 would support the hypothesis.

Question 18

A toy store owner hypothesizes that parents spend less than $100 on toys per visit to her store. This is:
A) a hypothesis
B) a directional hypothesis
C) a negative hypothesis
D) a positive hypothesis
E) an alternative hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The statement is a directional hypothesis because it is predicting that parents will spend less than a specific amount, $100, rather than just stating that their spending will fall into a certain range.

Question 19

Which of the following occurs when someone uses something he or she has observed to see if it agrees with or refutes a belief about that topic?
A) intuitive hypothesis testing
B) statistical hypothesis testing
C) the alternative hypothesis
D) common hypothesis testing
E) hypothetical observation testing

Accepted Answer

Intuitive hypothesis testing involves using personal observations or experiences to test a belief or idea about a particular topic. This process allows individuals to either confirm or refute their initial hypotheses based on their own experiences.

Question 20

An important sample statistic used in making estimates about population parameters is sample size.

Accepted Answer

Sample size is a crucial factor in determining the accuracy and representativeness of a sample. The larger the sample size, the more confidence we can have in our estimates of population parameters.

Quiz 16: Generalizing a Sample's Findings to its Population and Testing Hypotheses About Percents and Means

Inference is a form of logic in which you make a generalization about a small set of members of a class based upon complete knowledge about that entire class.

In parameter estimation, a value such as the population mean is estimated based on a sample's mean and its size.

In hypothesis testing, given the standard error of the percentage (or mean) remains constant, the closer the hypothesized value is to the sample statistic:

Which of the following may be used to estimate a "best," "pessimistic," and "optimistic," value of market potential?

Statistical inference is a set of procedures in which the population size and sample statistics are used to make estimates of population parameters.

Which of the following is a directional hypothesis?

When you use SPSS to test a hypothesis for a mean, you must do which of the following?

Greek letters are used for sample statistics and Roman letters are used for parameters.

Which of the following is NOT used to test hypotheses?

If the SPSS output for the test of the hypothesis about a mean shows a significance of 0.000, this means:

In hypothesis testing, the alternative hypothesis:

The SPSS output for the test of the hypothesis about a mean includes which of the following?

To use SPSS to test a hypothesis for a percentage you would use:

Values that are computed from a complete census, which are considered to be precise and valid measures of the population, are referred to as parameters.

If we make a hypothesis and wish to be 95 percent confident in testing the hypothesis, a z score that supports the hypothesis will fall ________ of + or - 1.96:

Which of the following refers to using sample data to accept or reject some exact specification as to what the population parameter is?

If we make a greater than directional hypothesis and wish to be 95 percent confident in testing the hypothesis, a z score that supports the hypothesis will be a value ________ +1.64:

A toy store owner hypothesizes that parents spend less than $100 on toys per visit to her store. This is:

Which of the following occurs when someone uses something he or she has observed to see if it agrees with or refutes a belief about that topic?

An important sample statistic used in making estimates about population parameters is sample size.