Question 1

A ______ is a woman who is inseminated with sperm from the male partner of the infertile couple, whereas a(n) ______ is a woman implanted with an embryo.

Accepted Answer

A surrogate is traditionally a woman inseminated with sperm to carry a child, typically using her own egg, making her the biological mother. A gestational carrier, however, carries a pregnancy created by the egg and sperm of the intended parents (or donors), meaning she has no genetic ties to the baby.

Question 2

Examples of genetic diseases passed via recessive inheritance include all of the following EXCEPT ______.

Accepted Answer

Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder, meaning that only one copy of the mutated gene is needed to cause the disease. The other options are all autosomal recessive genetic disorders, meaning that two copies of the mutated gene are needed to cause the disease.

Question 3

A mother giving birth is experiencing severe pain and requires the use of pain medication. Through an IV, the doctor administers a(n) ______, providing pain relief without total loss of feeling or muscle movement.

Accepted Answer

Analgesics are medications specifically designed to relieve pain without causing a total loss of feeling or muscle movement, fitting the description given.

Question 4

Janet is going in for a pregnancy checkup. The doctor reveals that she is 6 times more likely to give birth preterm. Which of the following scenarios might explain this increased likelihood?

Accepted Answer

Multiple embryos from IVF can increase the risk of preterm birth due to the higher likelihood of complications associated with multiple pregnancies.

Question 5

One mother has just given birth. She is limited to exposure with her infant to every 4 hr when she feeds the baby. Another mother has just given birth and is given her newborn right after birth for an hour plus additional 5 hr each of the next 3 days. According to Klaus and Kennell's (1972) research study, the second mother will exhibit ______ than the first.

Accepted Answer

Klaus and Kennell's research found that mothers who have more physical contact and interaction with their newborns immediately after birth and during the early days tend to develop stronger bonds with their babies. Therefore, the second mother, who had more extended contact with her newborn, is likely to experience more bonding with the newborn compared to the first mother, who had limited interaction.

Question 6

Which of the following populations have significantly lower rates of breastfeeding, contributing to what has been termed the "breast milk gap?"

Accepted Answer

All of the listed populations (adolescent mothers, mothers of unintended births, and lower income mothers) have been identified as having significantly lower rates of breastfeeding, contributing to the "breast milk gap." This gap refers to disparities in breastfeeding rates among different socio-economic and demographic groups, influenced by factors such as access to breastfeeding support, societal norms, and individual circumstances.

Question 7

Which of the following is an ethical concern that might discourage the use of genetic testing?

Accepted Answer

Genetic testing can lead to ethical concerns such as violation of privacy or discrimination based on genetic information, which could affect a person's access to insurance, employment, and other societal opportunities.

Question 8

Yolanda and Manuel are among the couples surveyed based on the pattern of advantages and disadvantages of having children. They had a long list of both advantages and disadvantages. As a result, they would be labeled as "indifferent."

Accepted Answer

Yolanda and Manuel having a long list of both advantages and disadvantages suggests they are thoroughly considering both sides, which doesn't necessarily mean they are indifferent. Indifference would imply a lack of preference, whereas their detailed lists indicate active engagement with the topic.

Question 9

E-cigarettes are unregulated and deliver nicotine to the developing embryo, and thus should be avoided.

Accepted Answer

E-cigarettes are regulated to some extent in many countries, but they do deliver nicotine, which is harmful to the developing embryo, making it advisable for pregnant women to avoid them.

Question 10

Natalie is hoping to get pregnant with her second child. Her previous pregnancy, however, revealed a genetic problem. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is an option to screen for certain genetic diseases to reduce risk this time around.

Accepted Answer

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is a procedure used alongside in vitro fertilization (IVF) to screen embryos for genetic diseases before they are implanted, thus reducing the risk of passing on genetic problems to the child.

Question 11

Autism spectrum disorders are more common genetic disorders than Down syndrome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Autism spectrum disorders are more common genetic...

Question 12

A prospective study showed results that the more peanuts and tree nuts the mothers consumed while pregnant, the less likely her child was to develop an allergy to those nuts.

Accepted Answer

Several studies have suggested that maternal consumption of peanuts and tree nuts during pregnancy may be associated with a reduced risk of nut allergies in their children. This is thought to be due to early exposure through the maternal diet, which could lead to tolerance rather than sensitization.

Question 13

The single greatest risk to a baby during delivery is either hypoxia, a shortage of oxygen, or anoxia, total lack of oxygen. Under these conditions, the fetus could suffer brain damage or death.

Accepted Answer

Hypoxia and anoxia during delivery can lead to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death in newborns, making them significant risks during childbirth.

Question 14

A C-section birth, while more expensive, can be beneficial in that it releases hormones that promote healthy lung function and aids in removing fluid from the lungs.

Accepted Answer

C-section births do not inherently promote healthy lung function or aid in removing fluid from the lungs; in fact, vaginal births help squeeze fluid out of a baby's lungs, which can be beneficial for their respiratory health.

Question 15

China is the country identified with the second highest number of premature births.

Accepted Answer

India has the highest number of premature births, followed by China, making China the country with the second highest number of premature births globally.

Question 16

Supportive co-parenting has not been shown to have any significant ties to parental happiness with their spouse.

Accepted Answer

Supportive co-parenting has been shown to positively impact parental satisfaction and happiness with their spouse, as it fosters a cooperative and supportive partnership in raising children, which can enhance the overall relationship quality.

Question 17

Crispr-Cas9 provides the ability of make changes in DNA in order to design a child's genome. There have been cases in which parents have selected embryos in order to share their existing disability.

Accepted Answer

CRISPR-Cas9 is a gene-editing technology that allows for precise modifications to DNA, including the potential to design a child's genome. While its use in humans is highly controversial and regulated, there have been ethical discussions and theoretical cases where parents might choose embryos with specific traits, including those that involve disabilities, to ensure shared experiences or cultural identity. However, the practical application of selecting embryos for specific disabilities through CRISPR-Cas9 remains a complex ethical issue and is not a common practice.

Question 18

List four changes that occur for parents after the birth of a child.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List four changes that occur for parents...

Question 19

Why might marital satisfaction tend to decrease after the birth of a child? What family processes are at work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why might marital satisfaction tend to decrease...

Question 20

Briefly describe the characteristics and possible consequences of postpartum depression, as well as possible treatment techniques.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the characteristics and possible consequences...

Quiz 6: Becoming a Parent

A is a woman who is inseminated with sperm from the male partner of the infertile couple, whereas a(n) is a woman implanted with an embryo.