Question 1

Norms are formal rules that make social order possible.

Accepted Answer

Norms are informal guidelines or expectations for behavior within a society, whereas formal rules are laws or regulations.

Question 2

The statuses we occupy over the course of our lives do not have norms attached to them.

Accepted Answer

Statuses often come with associated norms, which are the expected behaviors and roles that society assigns to individuals occupying those statuses.

Question 3

Normative morality describes codes of conduct developed and put forth by a group (e.g., Judaism) or codes accepted by an individual as binding on her behavior (e.g., a Hasidic Jew).

Accepted Answer

False

Question 4

In many groups, etiquette may be considered part of the group's moral code.

Accepted Answer

Etiquette often reflects the values and norms of a group, influencing what is considered right or wrong behavior within that group, thus integrating into its moral code.

Question 5

When "morality" is referring to a general code of conduct put forward by a group that is separate from etiquette, law, and religion, it is being used in a descriptive sense.

Accepted Answer

Descriptive morality refers to the actual codes of conduct or moral beliefs that are held by a group or society, without evaluating them as right or wrong.

Question 6

Morality describes an all-encompassing code of conduct applicable to all who are rational, understand the rules, and are willing to abide by them.

Accepted Answer

Morality is a system of beliefs about right and wrong that guides our actions. It is based on our values and our understanding of the world. Morality is not a set of rules that we must follow, but rather a set of principles that we can use to make decisions about how to act.

Question 7

Ethics provides justifications for why behavior proscribed by morality should be proscribed.

Accepted Answer

Ethics involves the systematic study of principles that guide behavior, providing reasons and justifications for why certain actions are considered right or wrong according to moral standards.

Question 8

An example of a topic in normative ethics is whether morality exists

Accepted Answer

The question of whether morality exists is a topic in meta-ethics, not normative ethics. Normative ethics focuses on what is morally right or wrong, while meta-ethics explores the nature and existence of morality itself.

Question 9

Researchers in moral psychology differ on what motivates people to be moral.

Accepted Answer

Researchers in moral psychology have various theories and perspectives on what drives moral behavior, including evolutionary, cultural, emotional, and rational factors.

Question 10

One debate among moral psychologists is over how men and women experience reality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One debate among moral psychologists is over...

Question 11

One interest among moral psychologists is with determining whether morality is grounded in a distinctly male-centered (patriarchal) view of the world.

Accepted Answer

Moral psychologists explore various perspectives on morality, including how gender and societal structures like patriarchy may influence moral reasoning and ethical frameworks.

Question 12

Deontological ethics rejects consequences as the determining consideration for whether behavior is ethical or not.

Accepted Answer

Deontological ethics focuses on the inherent morality of actions themselves, rather than their outcomes or consequences, to determine ethical behavior.

Question 13

Virtue ethics suggests that duty to self and to others is key to living a proper life.

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics emphasizes the development of good character traits and virtues, rather than focusing on duties or rules, as the key to living a moral life.

Question 14

Normative ethics develops codified (written) sets of principles, standards, or rules that apply to professionals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Normative ethics develops codified (written) sets of...

Question 15

The values-predisposition perspective suggests that criminal justice practitioners (e.g., police officers) bring with them specific values that those choosing careers outside the criminal justice field do not necessarily possess.

Accepted Answer

The values-predisposition perspective posits that individuals who choose careers in criminal justice have pre-existing values and attitudes that align with the demands and expectations of the field, distinguishing them from those in other professions.

Question 16

The occupational career of a criminal justice practitioner involves a process during which he or she is selected, trained, and socialized, that ultimately results in him or her reorganizing his or her identity as no longer that of a "citizen" but, for example, a "police officer" or "correctional officer."

Accepted Answer

The process of becoming a criminal justice practitioner involves training and socialization that leads to adopting a professional identity distinct from that of a regular citizen.

Question 17

The crime control and due process "models" of the criminal justice process suggest that terminal and instrumental values have no place in the operation of the criminal justice system.

Accepted Answer

The crime control and due process models incorporate terminal and instrumental values as they represent different value systems and priorities within the criminal justice process.

Question 18

Which of the following would be an example of a formal norm?

Accepted Answer

Formal norms are established, written rules such as laws or regulations. A law requiring a picture ID and other documents to vote is an example of a formal norm.

Question 19

Which of the following would be an example of an ascribed status?

Accepted Answer

An ascribed status is a social position a person is born into or receives involuntarily later in life, such as being a crown prince, which is determined by birthright.

Question 20

Which of the following describes codes of conduct relevant only under specific conditions (e.g., a time of war) and would likely be agreed upon by most rational people?

Accepted Answer

Normative morality refers to codes of conduct that are considered to be universally applicable and are often agreed upon by rational individuals, especially under specific conditions like a time of war.

Quiz 1: An Overview of Ethics