Question 1

Which of the following best captures Liu's main argument for the claim that accepting the moral constraints arising from equal moral recognition respect entails accepting certain moral constraints on appraisal and appreciation respects?

Accepted Answer

Liu's main argument is that accepting the moral constraints of equal moral recognition respect inherently involves accepting certain moral constraints on appraisal and appreciation respects, as these are essential for ensuring that individuals are treated as equals in terms of their basic relational well-being.

Question 2

Why, according to Liu, is racial looksism not only offensive and disrespectful, but also morally wrong?

Accepted Answer

Racial looksism is considered morally wrong because it judges individuals on a basis that doesn't contribute to their actual aesthetic value, leading to unfair treatment and lack of respect for their appearance.

Question 3

Why does Liu discuss the argument that accepting moral constraints arising from equal moral recognition respect entails accepting certain moral constraints on appraisal and appreciation respects?

Accepted Answer

Liu uses this argument to address the objection that failing to give appraisal and appreciation respects isn't morally wrong because they are personal matters, suggesting that moral constraints apply to these respects as well.

Question 4

Which of the following can we infer from Liu's argument that racial looksism as a preference and not just a personal policy is morally wrong?

Accepted Answer

Liu's argument focuses on the moral wrongness of racial looksism as a preference, implying that when it becomes a personal policy subject to voluntary control, it's also morally wrong. This is because it involves making choices based on racial appearance, which is a form of discrimination.

Question 5

Assume Liu is right that preferences are not always free from moral evaluation. Which of the following could you infer from that claim?

Accepted Answer

CLiu's claim that preferences are not always free from moral evaluation suggests that moral appraisal can extend beyond voluntary choices or policies (A), indicating that even preferences, which might be influenced by factors beyond an individual's control, can be subject to moral scrutiny. It also implies that preferences should be chosen freely and not be the result of social conditioning (C), as the moral evaluation of preferences necessitates examining the origins and influences on those preferences.

Question 6

Which of the following would count as an objection to Liu's argument that racial looksism is morally wrong because it denies people fair consideration for appreciation respect?

Accepted Answer

D is correct because it directly challenges Liu's argument by asserting that there is no moral obligation to provide appreciation respect, which contradicts Liu's premise that denying fair consideration for appreciation respect is morally wrong.

Question 7

Which of the following might count as a reason different than the one Liu provides for why racial looksism is morally wrong?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following might count as...

Question 8

Liu argues that preferences are not subject to moral appraisal because they are involuntary and outside of one's control.

Accepted Answer

Preferences can be subject to moral appraisal because they often reflect deeper values and beliefs that individuals can critically assess and modify. The argument that preferences are entirely involuntary overlooks the capacity for self-reflection and change.

Question 9

According to Liu, both exclusionary preferences and nonexclusionary preferences are wrong.

Accepted Answer

Liu argues that exclusionary preferences (preferences that exclude potential partners based on race) are morally problematic, but nonexclusionary preferences (preferences for certain traits that don't inherently exclude based on race) are not inherently wrong.

Question 10

Liu thinks that racial looksism is morally different from simple looksism in that the former, unlike the latter, is an overgeneralization that disregards peoples' individuality and denies them the appropriate appreciation for their individual qualities.

Accepted Answer

Liu argues that racial looksism involves stereotyping based on race, which overlooks individual traits, whereas simple looksism is based on personal appearance without racial overgeneralization.

Question 11

According to Liu, appreciation respect, like appraisal respect, consists in an attitude of positive appraisal, which is owed to everyone.

Accepted Answer

Appreciation respect and appraisal respect are different; appreciation respect is not necessarily owed to everyone and does not solely consist in an attitude of positive appraisal. Appraisal respect is based on positive assessment of someone's qualities or achievements, whereas appreciation respect can be based on recognizing the inherent value or rights of a person, which can be owed to everyone.

Question 12

Liu argues that although we should accept moral constraints arising from equal moral recognition respect, moral constraints should not be placed on appraisal and appreciation respects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Liu argues that although we should accept...

Question 13

Liu argues that we should not intentionally deny fair consideration to anyone whom we are already considering for appraisal or appreciation respect, and we should not consistently deny such consideration to someone we have encountered multiple times in our lives.

Accepted Answer

Liu's argument is based on the principle of fairness and respect in moral and ethical considerations, suggesting that once someone is within our sphere of appraisal or appreciation, they deserve fair consideration, and consistently denying this to someone we frequently encounter is unjust.

Question 14

Liu argues that racial looksism is not only offensive but also morally wrong because it constantly denies certain people fair consideration for appreciation respect since race is not directly contributive to one's physical appearance or aesthetic appeal.

Accepted Answer

Liu's argument suggests that racial looksism is morally wrong because it unfairly discriminates against individuals based on race, which is not a valid factor in determining physical attractiveness or worthiness of respect.

Question 15

According to Liu, the focus on preferences is problematic because we can find a certain group of people physically unappealing but still develop morally valuable relationships with them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Liu, the focus on preferences...

Question 16

Liu argues that not all statistical discriminations are wrong but only those in which the statistical fact about a group is used to deny a member of that group consideration based on his or her relevant individual qualities.

Accepted Answer

Liu's argument acknowledges that while statistical discrimination can be based on generalizations about a group, it becomes problematic and wrong when it prevents individuals from being assessed based on their own merits and relevant personal qualities.

Question 17

According to Liu, the preference of "No Asians, unless having such and such physical features," if interpreted as "Asians, by default, are unlikable, but my preference for certain physical appearance could still trump my general dislike for Asians," would still imply a demeaning race-qua-race racial looksism.

Accepted Answer

This statement implies a general negative bias against Asians based solely on their race, which is then only conditionally overridden by specific physical features. This conditional acceptance based on race-specific physical traits exemplifies racial looksism, as it demeans individuals based on racial appearance.

Question 18

In your own words, state Liu's main conclusion in "No Fats, Femmes, or Asians" and summarize his main argument for that conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In your own words, state Liu's main...

Question 19

What, according to Liu, is the morally relevant difference between racial looksism and simple looksism (e.g., finding someone physically unappealing because he or she is fat)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What, according to Liu, is the morally...

Question 20

Why, according to Liu, does accepting the moral constraints arising from equal moral recognition respect entail accepting certain moral constraints on appraisal and appreciation respects?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why, according to Liu, does accepting the...

Quiz 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice