Question 1

Why, according to Sinnott-Armstrong, wouldn't you cause any harm to anyone by going for a joyride in a gas-guzzling car?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why, according to Sinnott-Armstrong, wouldn't you cause...

Question 2

Sinnott-Armstrong identifies several moral principles that would entail that individuals have an obligation to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions if they were plausible. State one of those principles in your own words and explain why Sinnott-Armstrong thinks that principle is not plausible.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sinnott-Armstrong identifies several moral principles that would...

Question 3

How might someone object to Sinnott-Armstrong's claim that the greenhouse gas emissions from a single joyride won't cause any harm to anyone? Be sure to state your objection as a complete argument.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might someone object to Sinnott-Armstrong's claim...

Question 4

Sinnott-Armstrong discusses the "public permission principle," which states that it is wrong to perform an action if "it would be worse for everyone to know that everyone is permitted to perform an action of that kind." Identify an action that such an action would prohibit (other than ones discussed in the text) and explain why the principle would prohibit that action.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sinnott-Armstrong discusses the "public permission principle," which...

Question 5

Which of the following best captures the basic question that Dougherty is trying to answer in this paper?

Accepted Answer

Dougherty's paper focuses on the moral wrongness of deceiving someone into sex by lying about ordinary personal characteristics, rather than broader questions of deception, consent violation, or the ethics of non-consensual sex in general.

Question 6

Dougherty main conclusion in this paper is:

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues that deceiving someone into sex by lying about personal features that would be deal breakers for the victim is seriously wrong, emphasizing the violation of the victim's autonomy and consent.

Question 7

What is Dougherty's main argument for his claim that it is wrong to deceive someone into sex by lying about run-of-the-mill personal features if such features would be a deal breaker for the victim of the deception?

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues that lying about a personal feature that is a deal breaker for the victim vitiates the victim's sexual consent, making the act of having sex under such circumstances seriously wrong due to the lack of genuine consent.

Question 8

Of the following explanations, which most accurately explains the Lenient Thesis?

Accepted Answer

The Lenient Thesis suggests that deceiving someone into sex by misleading them about mundane personal features (like occupation) is not considered a serious moral wrong.

Question 9

By the phrase "deceiving another person into sex," Dougherty means:

Accepted Answer

Dougherty's definition focuses on deception about aspects of the sexual encounter that are crucial to the other person's consent, specifically those features to which the person's will is opposed or that are considered deal breakers.

Question 10

Which of the following best captures Dougherty's main argument for the claim that having sex with someone who does not validly consent is seriously wrong?

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues that the serious wrongness of nonconsensual sex is best explained by the violation of the victim's sexual rights, rather than by the harm caused, legal definitions, or societal judgments.

Question 11

Which of the following best captures Dougherty's main argument for the claim that the serious wrongness of nonconsensual sex is not explained by the fact that nonconsensual sex harms the victim?

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues that focusing solely on harm to the victim doesn't fully capture the wrongness of nonconsensual sex, especially in cases where the victim is unconscious or deceived in ways that don't involve harm, suggesting a deeper violation of rights or autonomy.

Question 12

Which of the following best captures Dougherty's explanation of what is required for the harm explanation to be a genuine alternative to the consent explanation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following best captures Dougherty's...

Question 13

What role does the claim that no objective distinction can be drawn between core and periphery features of a sexual encounter (where when one is deceived into sex by being misled by core features but not periphery features, one's valid consent is violated) play in this paper?

Accepted Answer

Dougherty uses this claim to challenge the Lenient Thesis by arguing that it improperly relies on a distinction between core and periphery features, which he contends cannot be objectively made.

Question 14

Why does the Dougherty discuss in this paper the Chihuahua case in which Aisha deceives him into letting her Chihuahua into his apartment by claiming her dog is a Great Dane although he hates Chihuahua?

Accepted Answer

Dougherty uses the Chihuahua case as an analogy to argue that deception leading to consent (in this case, letting the dog into the apartment) is morally similar to deceiving someone into sex, suggesting both are morally wrong.

Question 15

Which of the following is the best example of the restrictive and extensive nature of our intentions about waivers?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the best...

Question 16

Which of the following best characterizes Dougherty's general substantive account of consent to sex?

Accepted Answer

Dougherty's general substantive account of consent to sex emphasizes the importance of willingness to engage in sexual encounters, considering all features of those encounters, as the basis for valid consent.

Question 17

Assume that Dougherty is correct that people have the right to decide down to the last detail what comes into sexual contact with their bodies. Which of the following could you infer from that claim?

Accepted Answer

If people have the right to decide every detail of what comes into sexual contact with their bodies, then even an idiosyncratic preference, like not wanting to have sex with someone born in April, must be respected for consent to be valid.

Question 18

Which of the following can we infer from Dougherty's claim that it is not always transparent to people whether they are giving their morally valid consent to a sexual encounter?

Accepted Answer

Dougherty's claim suggests that individuals may not always be aware of whether their consent is morally valid, implying that they might realize later that their consent was not valid.

Question 19

Which of the following would count as an objection to Dougherty's argument that there is no objective distinction between core and periphery features to a sexual encounter?

Accepted Answer

Dougherty's argument is challenged by suggesting that an objective distinction can be made by evaluating which reasons for considering a feature as core are good reasons, without relying on a moralized conception of sex.

Question 20

Dougherty argues in favor of the Lenient Thesis that it is only a minor wrong to deceive someone into sex by deceiving him or her about certain run-of-the-mill personal features such as one's occupation.

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues against the Lenient Thesis, maintaining that deceiving someone into sex by misrepresenting oneself about significant personal features (like occupation) constitutes a serious moral wrong, not a minor one.

Quiz 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice