Question 1

According to Dougherty, deceiving another person into sex is seriously wrong if the deception is about a feature that is a deal breaker to which the other person's will is opposed and not just an undesirable feature.

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues that deception in sexual relations is seriously wrong when it involves deceiving someone about a feature to which their will is opposed, particularly if this feature is a deal-breaker for them, distinguishing it from merely undesirable features.

Question 2

Dougherty thinks that the serious wrongness of having sex with someone who is unconscious or by means of egregious deception is best explained by the harm suffered by the victim.

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues that the serious wrongness of having sex with someone who is unconscious or through egregious deception is not best explained by the harm suffered by the victim, but rather by the violation of the victim's autonomy and consent.

Question 3

Dougherty claims that it is consistent to think that the nonconsensuality of coercive sex is sufficient for its being seriously wrong while maintaining that its harmful nature is also sufficient for coercive sex to be seriously wrong and that harm makes nonconsensual sex even worse.

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues that it is consistent to believe both that the nonconsensual nature of coercive sex is enough to make it seriously wrong and that its harmfulness also independently contributes to its wrongness, with harm exacerbating the wrongness of nonconsensual sex. This perspective allows for multiple dimensions (nonconsensuality and harm) to independently and cumulatively contribute to the moral wrongness of coercive sex.

Question 4

Dougherty argues that there is an objective distinction between core features and periphery features of sexual encounters in which one's valid consent is violated if one is deceived into sex by being misled about core but not periphery features.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dougherty argues that there is an objective...

Question 5

According to Dougherty, sexual autonomy should not permit people to pursue their own conception of the sexual good since there is only one objectively correct conception of the sexual good.

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues for the importance of sexual autonomy, which includes the right of individuals to pursue their own conception of the sexual good, recognizing that there can be multiple, subjective interpretations of what constitutes the sexual good rather than a single objective one.

Question 6

Dougherty argues that although knowledge of another's deal breakers is not always easy to come by, especially if the person does not know them him- or herself, such knowledge is unnecessary for a deceiver to lack a victim's valid consent.

Accepted Answer

Dougherty's argument suggests that valid consent can be compromised by deception, regardless of whether the deceiver knows the victim's specific deal breakers.

Question 7

According to Dougherty, consent and promise are similar moral phenomena since by giving consent we release others from their obligations, whereas by making promises we impose obligations on ourselves.

Accepted Answer

Consent and promise are both moral phenomena that involve the release or imposition of obligations.

Question 8

Dougherty claims that intentions are restrictive and implicit but not extensive or explicit.

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues that intentions are both restrictive and extensive, as well as both implicit and explicit, covering a broad range of how intentions can influence and guide actions.

Question 9

Dougherty argues that if deception vitiates someone's sexual consent, but is benign in other ways, such as it makes a date more romantic, then it is not seriously wrong.

Accepted Answer

Dougherty argues that deception that vitiates someone's sexual consent is seriously wrong, regardless of whether the deception is benign in other contexts.

Question 10

In your own words, state Dougherty's main conclusion in "Sex, Lies, and Consent" and summarize his main argument for that conclusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In your own words, state Dougherty's main...

Question 11

According to Dougherty, what is the harm explanation of the serious wrongness of nonconsensual sex and the main reason why it is flawed?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Dougherty, what is the harm...

Question 12

In your own words, explain why the harm explanation is different from the consent explanation and why, according to Dougherty, the consent explanation can accommodate the initial motivation behind the harm explanation and why the two could be consistent.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In your own words, explain why the...

Question 13

In your own words, explain Dougherty's substantive account of consent and his main arguments for it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In your own words, explain Dougherty's substantive...

Question 14

How might someone object to Dougherty's argument that there is no objective distinction between core features (such as one's religion or ethnicity) and periphery features (such as one's occupation or natural hair color) of sexual encounters?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might someone object to Dougherty's argument...

Question 15

What is the principal question Metz is addressing in "African Values and Capital Punishment"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the principal question Metz is...

Question 16

Which of the following best summarizes Metz's main conclusion in "African Values and Capital Punishment"?

Accepted Answer

Metz argues that capital punishment is excessively harsh, particularly when considering that the individual is already under incarceration, which means they pose no immediate threat to society. This perspective emphasizes the disproportionality of capital punishment as a response, rather than focusing solely on issues of autonomy, the risk of executing the innocent, or the protection of the community.

Question 17

Which of the following best defines the notion of dignity according to Metz?

Accepted Answer

Metz defines dignity in terms of the capacity for friendly and loving communal relations, emphasizing the importance of harmonious social connections and the ability to participate in a community with care and respect for others.

Question 18

Which of the following best defines the concept of ubuntu according to Metz?

Accepted Answer

According to Metz, ubuntu is best defined as the moral way of human life rooted in the prizing of community. This concept emphasizes the importance of communal relationships and the belief that an individual's well-being is intertwined with the well-being of others.

Question 19

Why, according, to Metz, is it wrong to argue against capital punishment on the grounds of potential miscarriages of justice?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why, according, to Metz, is it wrong...

Question 20

Why, according to Metz, are African consequentialist arguments against the death penalty unpersuasive?

Accepted Answer

Metz argues that African consequentialist arguments against the death penalty are unpersuasive because they rely on inconclusive evidence about the penalty's deterrent value, making it difficult to definitively argue against its effectiveness.

Quiz 13: Aristotle's Ethics: Exploring Virtue and Justice