Question 1

One of Freud's greatest contributions to psychology was his emphasis on the importance of biology in shaping human development.

Accepted Answer

biology should be early experiences

Question 2

Resilient children are those who are most greatly affected by the positive consequences of risk.

Accepted Answer

greatly affected by the positive consequences of risk should be able to effectively resist the negative consequences of risk

Question 3

The unique characteristics that distinguish a person from other members of a larger group are called developmental markers.

Accepted Answer

developmental markers should be individual differences

Question 4

The belief that children are born with a propensity to act on impulses without an aim of wrongdoing is the belief that the child is a tabula rasa.

Accepted Answer

tabula rasa should be noble savage

Question 5

The notion that a child can learn not by direct reinforcement but by watching other people is termed assimilation.

Accepted Answer

assimilation should be observational learning

Question 6

Children grow up within a larger social community,the sociocultural context,which includes unique customs,values,and beliefs about the proper way to rear children and the ultimate goals for their development.

Accepted Answer

Children do grow up within a larger social community, and the sociocultural context does indeed include unique customs, values, and beliefs about the proper way to rear children and the ultimate goals for their development. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 7

Adaptation theory emphasizes the active construction of psychological structures to interpret experience.

Accepted Answer

Adaptation theory should be Cognitive-developmental theory

Question 8

A set of ideas or propositions that helps to organize or explain observable phenomena is called a hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

hypothesis should be theory

Question 9

Behavior modification relies on principles of operant conditioning to effect changes in a person's behavior.

Accepted Answer

Behavior modification is based on the principles of operant conditioning, which involves the use of consequences (reinforcement or punishment) to increase or decrease the likelihood of a particular behavior occurring again in the future.

Question 10

An example of behavior modification in practice might be the use of increased teacher attention to widen the variety of activities a child would undertake in a school setting.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of behavior modification as it involves using reinforcement (increased teacher attention) to increase the desired behavior (participating in a wider variety of activities).

Question 11

Alfred Binet is considered to be the founder of modern child psychology.

Accepted Answer

Alfred Binet should be G.Stanley Hall

Question 12

Shortly after Jenny learned how to play hide-and-seek,she misplaced her favorite teddy bear and ran around the house saying,"Come out,come out wherever you are." This suggests that Jenny has a scheme for hiding that includes hiding games.

Accepted Answer

Jenny's use of the phrase "Come out, come out wherever you are" indicates that she has played hide-and-seek before and has a general understanding of how the game works. Therefore, it is likely that she has a scheme or strategy for hiding during games of hide-and-seek.

Question 13

Amber wants to train her son,Timothy,to reach motor milestones (such as reaching for objects and crawling)earlier than other children.According to Myrtle McGraw's research,such training will only accelerate motor development when Timothy is showing signs of physical maturity.

Accepted Answer

Myrtle McGraw's research indicates that training can accelerate motor development in children, but it is most effective when the child is already showing signs of readiness or physical maturity for those milestones.

Question 14

Dr.MacConnell believes that no single component of development unfolds in isolation from the rest.She is most likely to focus on the nature/nurture key theme in development when formulating,conducting,and interpreting her research.

Accepted Answer

nature/nurture should be interactions amongst domains

Question 15

According to Freud,the psychological tension induced by a set of biological instincts is called libido.

Accepted Answer

Yes, according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, libido refers to the psychic energy or psychological tension resulting from biological instincts such as the sexual drive.

Question 16

In Piagetian theory,a scheme is the mental structure underlying a coordinated and systematic pattern of behaviors or thinking applied across similar objects or situations.

Accepted Answer

This is a correct definition of a scheme in Piagetian theory.

Question 17

Developmental ideology includes all research activities influencing our understanding of development.

Accepted Answer

developmental ideology should be developmental science

Question 18

During medieval and Renaissance times,children were never seen as vulnerable or fragile.

Accepted Answer

never should be sometimes

Question 19

The developmental norms established by Arnold Gesell in the 1930s are only of limited use to professionals who work with children today.

Accepted Answer

only of limited use should be still of use

Question 20

According to John Watson,development is the result of ancestral traits.

Accepted Answer

ancestral traits should be learning stimulus

Quiz 1: Themes and Theories