Question 1

Regression analysis is a correlation-based statistical technique that allows researchers to make predictions about ________ variables based on one or more ________ variables.

Accepted Answer

Regression analysis allows researchers to make predictions about outcome variables based on one or more predictor variables.

Question 2

A study that assesses whether changes in one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in another variable is called a

Accepted Answer

A correlational study assesses the relationship between variables and whether changes in one variable are associated with systematic changes in another variable.

Question 3

A set of standardized questions administered to participants in written form that requires written responses is called a

Accepted Answer

A set of standardized questions administered to participants in written form is called a questionnaire. The other options either require verbal responses (concrete interview and structured interview) or may include different types of questions beyond written response (paper-and-pencil test).

Question 4

The major advantage to structured observation is the fact that

Accepted Answer

Structured observation allows researchers to create a controlled environment where they can elicit specific behaviors of interest. This allows for more accurate and reliable observations, as extraneous factors that may affect behavior can be minimized. However, it does not guarantee the ability to draw causal conclusions, as other factors may still be at play.

Question 5

When ________ are conducted in the laboratory,it is possible to record physiological measures,such as heart rate and brain waves,which can be very useful in studying ________ because their range of overt responses is more limited.

Accepted Answer

Structured observations, especially when conducted in a laboratory setting, allow for the controlled recording of physiological measures such as heart rate and brain waves. This method is particularly useful for studying infants, whose range of overt responses (like verbal responses or complex behaviors) is more limited compared to adults, making physiological measures a valuable tool for understanding their reactions and states.

Question 6

One disadvantage of structured observations is that

Accepted Answer

Structured observations often take place in a laboratory or controlled environment, which may not accurately reflect the behaviors and reactions of individuals in real-life situations. Children may behave differently in a laboratory setting, leading to inaccurate conclusions about their behavior. This is a disadvantage of structured observations.

Question 7

A ________ is a relationship in which changes in one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in another variable in the same direction.

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation is when changes in one variable are accompanied by systematic changes in the same direction in another variable.

Question 8

Instead of manipulating variables,in a ________ the investigator obtains measures of two or more characteristics of the participants and determines whether changes in one variable are accompanied by changes in the other.

Accepted Answer

A correlational study examines the relationship between two or more variables without manipulating them. The investigator obtains measures of two or more characteristics of participants and determines whether changes in one variable are accompanied by changes in the other. This allows them to determine the strength and direction of the relationship between the variables. Options A, B, and D do not involve examining the relationship between variables.

Question 9

The ________ is the statistic used to describe the strength of the relationship between two variables and its value ranges between ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is the statistic used to...

Question 10

Sometimes children do not behave naturally in a laboratory.The best solution to this problem is to confirm the results

Accepted Answer

Conducting similar studies in children's natural environments allows researchers to observe their behavior in settings where they are more likely to act naturally, providing more accurate and generalizable results.

Question 11

The statistical examination of a large body of existing research results with the goal of assessing the effect of the common central variable is called a

Accepted Answer

The given definition specifically matches the process of meta-analysis, where a researcher collects data from multiple studies and statistically analyzes them to draw conclusions about the effect of a common central variable. Correlational study, weighted analysis, and grouped examination do not necessarily involve examining a large body of existing research results.

Question 12

________ is a serious consideration when using interview and questionnaire methods with children,who tend to answer according to what they think the right answer should be in order to be seen in a more favorable light.

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the accuracy of the results obtained from a research method. As children may answer in a way they think is socially desirable rather than truthfully, it may affect the validity of the results obtained from interview and questionnaire methods.

Question 13

A researcher who wants to obtain data from a large number of children simultaneously would probably use the

Accepted Answer

The questionnaire method is the best choice for obtaining data from a large number of children simultaneously. It involves a standardized set of questions that can be distributed to a large sample of participants, allowing the researcher to collect data quickly and efficiently. The other options, such as the clinical method or structured interview method, would require more time and may not be feasible for a large sample size. The correlational design is a type of research design that examines the relationship between two or more variables, and is not a method for collecting data from participants.

Question 14

Which of the following describes a negative correlation?

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation is when two variables move in opposite directions. In this case, as the time spent playing with a child per day increases, the number of crying episodes per day decreases.

Question 15

In Dr.Brennan's research,if the value of one variable began to decrease as the value of the other variable began to decrease,this would indicate a ________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

A positive correlation is indicated when the values of two variables move in the same direction, meaning as one variable decreases, the other also decreases (or as one increases, the other also increases).

Question 16

The ________ of the correlation coefficient indicates the direction of the relationship,and the ________ of the correlation coefficient indicates the strength of the relationship.

Accepted Answer

The sign of the correlation coefficient indicates whether the relationship is positive or negative, while the number value indicates the strength of the relationship.

Question 17

When performing a meta-analysis,Dr.Ford

Accepted Answer

When performing a meta-analysis, Dr. Ford cannot be sure that the central variable was defined identically in each study. This is because different studies may have used slightly different definitions or measurements for the same variable, which can affect the results of the meta-analysis. Therefore, it is important for Dr. Ford to carefully examine each study's methodology and data before drawing conclusions.

Question 18

Dr.Liu was interested in studying children's reactions to an adult stealing candy from another adult's desk.To ensure that the same scenario would occur for all subjects,Dr.Liu hired two research assistants to act and she set up a faux reception area next to a play area in her laboratory so she could conduct a(n)

Accepted Answer

A structured observation involves setting up a specific situation or scenario to observe and control variables. In this case, Dr. Liu hired research assistants to act out a scenario and created a faux reception area, indicating that she is conducting a structured observation.

Question 19

In meta-analyses,studies that do not present their data in the form necessary for analysis

Accepted Answer

In order to include studies in a meta-analysis, their data must be presented in a form that allows for analysis. If a study does not present its data in a usable form, it may have to be eliminated from the pool of studies.

Question 20

A limitation of the questionnaire as a method of gathering information on children's knowledge is that

Accepted Answer

Children may have difficulties understanding the questions being asked in the questionnaire, which can lead to inaccurate responses. Other factors, such as their mood or level of fatigue during the data collection process, can also affect the accuracy of the results. However, options A, C, and D are not necessarily limitations of the questionnaire method. The researcher's biases can be addressed through proper training and standardized scoring procedures, collecting enough data is important for any research method, and the time needed to score the questionnaire may vary depending on the design and complexity of the instrument.

Quiz 2: Studying Child Development

Regression analysis is a correlation-based statistical technique that allows researchers to make predictions about variables based on one or more variables.