Question 1

Which of the following is not an argument against sex preselection?

Accepted Answer

Options A, B, and D are all valid arguments against sex preselection. However, option C is not an argument against sex preselection, but rather a potential benefit. Preselecting the sex of a child could indeed offer a new option for avoiding the occurrence of sex-linked diseases.

Question 2

In amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling,the extracted samples are

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are primarily used to test the genetic makeup of the fetus. The extracted samples are tested for their biochemical composition and chromosomal makeup to determine if the fetus has any genetic abnormalities or disorders. Testing for rubella, AIDS, and other known teratogenic diseases may be done separately, but it is not the primary purpose of these procedures. Teratogens cannot be tested for directly, but their effects on the fetus may be detected through genetic testing.

Question 3

Jenna is fifteen weeks pregnant and concerned that her baby might have Down syndrome.Which of the following prenatal screening tests is she most likely to undergo?

Accepted Answer

Amniocentesis is a prenatal screening test that is used to diagnose Down syndrome.

Question 4

The study of how characteristics and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the interaction between genotype and experience is called

Accepted Answer

The study of how characteristics and behaviors of individuals are influenced by the interaction between genotype (genetic makeup) and experience (environmental factors) is called behavior genetics. This field examines the extent to which behaviors and traits are inherited versus influenced by environmental factors.

Question 5

________ is usually performed between the tenth and twelfth weeks of pregnancy,but it can be performed as early as the fifth week.

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is typically performed between the tenth and twelfth weeks of pregnancy, but it can be performed as early as the fifth week. Amniocentesis is usually performed between the fifteenth and twentieth weeks of pregnancy, while ultrasonography and fetal blood sampling are not typically used for genetic testing purposes.

Question 6

________ are scientists who are able to determine and communicate the likelihood that prospective parents will give birth to a baby with a genetic disorder based on the histories and heritages of the parents.

Accepted Answer

Genetic counselors are professionals who are trained to assess the likelihood of certain genetic disorders in prospective parents' offspring based on their medical histories and family heritages. Obstetricians are medical doctors who specialize in pregnancy and childbirth, and while they may be able to identify some genetic disorders in utero, they typically do not have specialized training in genetic counseling. Behavioral geneticists focus on the study of how genetics and environmental factors influence behavior, not on predicting genetic disorders. Genetic chronologists is not a recognized term or profession.

Question 7

Dr.Booth is a genetic counselor.For many disorders,he is able to go beyond providing estimates of a disorder's likelihood by using ________ to determine whether a particular fetus has a chromosomal abnormality or genetic defect.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Booth is using prenatal screening tests to determine whether a particular fetus has a chromosomal abnormality or genetic defect. Prenatal screening tests are performed during pregnancy to detect any potential abnormalities in the fetus. Examples of prenatal screening tests include ultrasound, maternal serum tests, and amniocentesis.

Question 8

The systematic search using a variety of tests to detect individuals at developmental risk due to genetic anomalies is called

Accepted Answer

Genetic screening is the systematic search using a variety of tests to detect individuals at developmental risk due to genetic anomalies. Chorionic villus sampling is a specific type of genetic screening that involves the removal of cells from the placenta to test for genetic abnormalities. Gene therapy is a treatment that involves altering a person's genes to treat or prevent disease. Chorionic anomaly detection is not a commonly used term in genetics and may not accurately represent this concept.

Question 9

Lynette is having chorionic villus sampling to check for embryonic genetic and developmental disorders.Her doctor prepares her by telling her the procedure is performed by

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling involves taking a small sample of the outer wall of the membrane (chorion) in which the embryo develops. This sample is then examined for chromosomal or genetic abnormalities, as well as other developmental disorders. Option A is incorrect because a spinal tap is not used in chorionic villus sampling. Option B is also incorrect because the sample is taken directly from the membrane, not from fluid in the abdomen. Option C is incorrect because chorionic villus sampling involves taking a tissue sample, not a blood sample.

Question 10

A recently developed procedure for promoting the conception of girls,called ________,is based on the difference in the amount of DNA found in the X and Y chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

The procedure described is known as sex preselection, as it aims to select the sex of the child before conception based on the amount of DNA in the X and Y chromosomes. Genetic engineering and cloning are not relevant to this particular procedure, and sperm forecasting is not a commonly used term in this context.

Question 11

Genetic screening would least likely be recommended to a woman

Accepted Answer

Genetic screening is not necessary for a woman suffering from severe back pain as it is not related to hereditary genetic conditions.

Answer: D 
 Women over the age of thirty-five may be recommended genetic screening due to the increased risk of chromosomal abnormalities in offspring, but it is still not considered mandatory.

Therefore, the correct answer is:

Answer: C

Question 12

Which of the following does not provide direct genetic or hormonal information about the developing embryo or fetus?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasonography, unlike the other options, does not provide direct genetic or hormonal information about the developing embryo or fetus. It is an imaging technique used to visualize the fetus, placenta, and amniotic fluid but does not analyze genetic material or hormone levels.

Question 13

Monique's doctor suspects that she may be further into her pregnancy than originally estimated.To help determine the approximate age of the fetus,Monique's doctor is likely to use

Accepted Answer

Ultrasonography is a common prenatal diagnostic tool used to estimate the age of a fetus. It involves using high-frequency sound waves to create a visual image of the uterus and the developing fetus. This can help doctors determine the size of the fetus and estimate its age and due date. Amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are invasive tests used to diagnose genetic disorders or other fetal abnormalities, but they are not typically used to estimate gestational age. Teratology is the study of abnormal fetal development and the causes of birth defects, but it is not a test or tool used to estimate gestational age.

Question 14

Which of the following is not an ethical concern associated with the practice of genetic counseling?

Accepted Answer

The concern in option D is more about financial and insurance policy decisions rather than an ethical issue directly related to the practice of genetic counseling.

Question 15

________ is the method of using sound-wave reflections to obtain a picture of the developing fetus that can be used to estimate the gestational age and detect physical abnormalities.

Accepted Answer

Ultrasonography is the method of using sound-wave reflections to obtain images of the developing fetus. This technique can estimate gestational age and detect physical abnormalities, making it a valuable tool in prenatal care. Amniocentesis, fetal blood sampling, and chorionic villus sampling are all invasive procedures used for prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders, but they do not provide imaging of the fetus.

Question 16

The process of sorting sperm samples into cells with X and Y chromosomes and introducing a "lopsided" sample of sperm to the uterus during fertile periods is called

Accepted Answer

The process described is known as sex preselection, where sperm samples are sorted by chromosomes to intentionally select for a specific sex. The other options, such as genetic engineering and cloning, do not accurately describe this process. Sperm forecasting is not a commonly used term and is not an accurate description of this process.

Question 17

The proportion of variability in the phenotype that is estimated to be accounted for by genetic influences is called

Accepted Answer

Heritability is a measure of the proportion of variability in the phenotype that is estimated to be accounted for by genetic influences. It is often expressed as a percentage and ranges from 0% to 100%. Concordance refers to the frequency with which a trait is shared among individuals who have a particular relationship (e.g. twins). Interaction refers to the way that different genes or environmental factors may work together to influence a trait. Polygenic inheritance refers to the influence of multiple genes on a single trait.

Question 18

In ________,blood is drawn directly from the umbilical cord of the fetus for biochemical and chromosomal examination.

Accepted Answer

Fetal blood sampling, also known as percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS), involves drawing blood directly from the umbilical cord of the fetus for analysis. It is used for biochemical and chromosomal examination and is often performed when other tests such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are inconclusive or not feasible.

Question 19

Marcella is forty and pregnant with her first child.The ______ test is carried out on her blood during the second trimester of pregnancy to determine whether the fetus has Down syndrome or other problems.

Accepted Answer

The alpha fetoprotein test, a part of the triple screen test, is performed on the mother's blood during the second trimester to help identify the risk of Down syndrome and other fetal conditions.

Question 20

The method of sampling the fluid around the developing fetus by inserting a syringe into the mother's abdominal wall is called

Accepted Answer

The method of sampling the fluid around the developing fetus by inserting a syringe into the mother's abdominal wall is called amniocentesis. Chorionic villus sampling involves taking a sample of the placenta, while the alpha fetoprotein test and ultrasonographic fluid monitoring do not involve the collection of fluid around the fetus.

Quiz 3: Genetics and Heredity