Question 1

Which of the following is not a procedure used to measure recognition memory in young children?

Accepted Answer

Memory span tasks are typically used to assess working memory capacity rather than recognition memory. Recognition memory involves identifying previously encountered items, which is different from the focus of memory span tasks on holding and manipulating information in mind over a short period.

Question 2

________ is a process that allows the person to focus on a selected aspect of the environment.

Accepted Answer

Attention is the process that allows individuals to select specific aspects of the environment to focus on. Choice A, selectivity, is a synonym for attention and therefore could also be a correct answer. Choice B, metacognition, refers to the ability to think about one's own thinking process, and choice D, hyperactivity, is not related to the ability to focus on a selected aspect of the environment.

Question 3

Preschoolers are able to count but may not be able to

Accepted Answer

While preschoolers are able to count, they may not yet understand what numbers actually represent or the concepts of addition and subtraction.

Question 4

Marquis is sorting animals into their "ideal" homes.Marquis puts a bird with a nest,a cow with a barn,and a chicken with an egg.Marquis's classifications are based on

Accepted Answer

Marquis's classifications are based on thematic relations, which means grouping based on a shared function, purpose, or relationship. For example, birds typically build nests, cows are often housed in barns, and chickens lay eggs. These classifications are not based on taxonomic criteria (classifying based on scientific categories), superordinate relationships (classifying based on a hierarchy of importance), or perceptual similarity (classifying based on physical features or appearance).

Question 5

Jolene's teacher asked the class who the first president of the United States was.Jolene knew the answer and raised her hand.Jolene's type of memory is called ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory is the type of memory that involves general knowledge and facts, such as knowing who the first president of the United States was. It is a type of long-term memory that is related to the meaning of words, concepts, and ideas.

Question 6

Selena grew up in America and has had much more formal schooling than Alessandro,who grew up in Mexico.Alessandro is more likely than Selena to group together

Accepted Answer

Alessandro, with less formal schooling and possibly more practical, everyday experience, is more likely to group objects based on their functional or relational context (e.g., a cow and milk) rather than on abstract categories or similarities. This reflects a difference in cognitive styles influenced by educational background and cultural practices.

Question 7

Kara's mother showed her a stack of pictures yesterday.Today,Kara's mother asked her to tell her what some of those pictures were,and Kara was able to name most of them.This type of memory is called

Accepted Answer

Recall is the process of retrieving information from memory without the aid of cues, which is what Kara did when she named the pictures.

Question 8

As children grow older,they

Accepted Answer

As children develop, their attentional strategies become more systematic and more efficient. With age, children become better able to filter irrelevant information, sustain attention for longer periods of time, and switch between tasks more efficiently.

Question 9

Greg and Stanley are both five years old.Greg has a greater attention span than Stanley,and he is able to persist in tasks much better than Stanley.According to some research on attention,

Accepted Answer

The research suggests that Greg's greater attention span will likely lead to higher intelligence scores and better academic achievement.

Question 10

Janelle remembers the time her parents brought her to see The Lion King.Janelle's memory is a(n)________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memories are memories of specific events and experiences, such as Janelle's memory of seeing The Lion King with her parents. Semantic memories, on the other hand, are memories of facts and general knowledge. Recognition memory refers to the ability to recognize previously encountered stimuli, and spontaneous memory refers to the automatic retrieval of information without conscious effort.

Question 11

Memories of events that took place at specific times and places are called ________ memories.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memories are specific memories of personally experienced events and the context in which they occurred. They are typically associated with a specific time and place and can be recalled with conscious effort.

Question 12

A task that requires an individual to state whether a picture or word was previously encountered is designed to measure ________ memory.

Accepted Answer

Recognition memory involves the ability to recognize previously encountered information, such as pictures or words, and is a form of declarative memory. The other options, episodic and semantic memory, involve different types of information processing and retrieval. Recall memory, on the other hand, requires an individual to generate information from memory without any cues or prompts, which is different from the task described in this question.

Question 13

To see what her infant son could remember,Soleil showed him the same toy over and over again.After he had habituated,Soleil began to hold up the old toy with a new one next to it,and her son looked longer at the new toy.Soleil can conclude that her son

Accepted Answer

Since her son spent time looking at the old toy, it can be concluded that he had a memory for it. His increased attention to the new toy suggests that he noticed the difference between the old and new toy, indicating that he remembered the old toy.

Question 14

The knowledge a child has about attention may be gleaned from _________ emphasized in his or her culture.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The knowledge a child has about attention...

Question 15

Children seem to have a good grasp of more advanced numerical concepts,such as fractions,by age

Accepted Answer

Children typically develop a good grasp of fractions by age four.

Question 16

Older children are much more likely than younger children to ignore irrelevant information that may distract them from some central activity or problem.This suggests that children get better at the process of ________ as they develop.

Accepted Answer

Selective attention is the ability to focus on relevant information while ignoring irrelevant information. The fact that older children are much better at ignoring irrelevant information suggests that they have developed stronger selective attention skills as they have grown and developed. Choices A, C, and D are not a good fit because they do not accurately describe the specific process that is being discussed.

Question 17

Recent research on numerical concepts in infants has found that young children

Accepted Answer

Recent research on numerical concepts in infants has found that infants show some evidence for simple manipulations and relative relationships among smaller and larger numbers. They can distinguish between different numbers of objects, and can make approximate numerical comparisons. However, their understanding of numerical concepts is still limited and develops over time.

Question 18

Tia is two years old.In the next four years,Tia will show

Accepted Answer

According to research on attention development in young children, Tia is likely to show dramatic increases in her ability to focus attention on stimuli and activities during the next four years. This is because attention skills generally improve rapidly during the preschool years, and children become increasingly able to sustain attention, shift attention between tasks, and inhibit distracting or irrelevant information as they grow and develop. While memory strategies may begin to emerge during this time as well, they are not typically as pronounced or significant as improvements in attention.

Question 19

Cathy knows that to get from her house to the grocery store,she must make a left at the red house on the corner and then a right at the stop sign.Cathy is using the red house as a ________ to help her find her way to the grocery store.

Accepted Answer

A landmark is a feature that stands out in an environment and helps someone navigate, in this case, the red house on the corner is serving as a landmark for Cathy to know where to turn. The other options do not accurately describe the role of the red house in helping Cathy navigate her way to the grocery store.

Question 20

Infants lacking environmental cues understand spatial locations by using

Accepted Answer

Infants lacking environmental cues understand spatial locations by using their bodies as the frame of reference.

Quiz 8: Cognition