Question 1

Contrary to what researchers had previously thought,ideas about the nature of the "sexual self" begin to take shape

Accepted Answer

Recent research suggests that ideas about the "sexual self" begin to emerge in childhood, long before the onset of puberty. This challenges earlier beliefs that sexual identity development only begins during adolescence.

Question 2

A recent study showed that children's activity interests and leisure activities

Accepted Answer

The study found that children's activities interests and leisure activities were more gender-stereotyped than their beliefs about gender. This indicates that gender stereotypes play a significant role in determining children's interests and leisure activities. The study did not suggest that children's activities were not gender-stereotyped at all or that the mother's employment status was a significant factor.

Question 3

Jessica processes information along gender lines and exhibits more consistent sex typing in her behavior.Jessica is gender

Accepted Answer

Jessica is gender schematic because she processes information along gender lines and exhibits behavior that is consistently sex-typed, indicating she uses gender categories to navigate her understanding and actions.

Question 4

Billy was shown pictures of a boy in a dress,a girl baking cookies,and a boy playing with a doll.Assuming that Billy is gender schematic,which of the following statements is true if Billy is asked about the pictures a week later?

Accepted Answer

Gender schematic individuals tend to process information and remember events in ways that align with traditional gender roles and stereotypes. Therefore, Billy is likely to misremember the gender-atypical activities (a boy playing with a doll) in a way that fits gender stereotypes (a girl playing with a doll).

Question 5

The only parental behavior that shows a significant impact on gender development is

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that parents who encourage their children to engage in sex-typed activities (e.g. girls playing with dolls and boys playing with trucks) have a significant impact on their child's gender development. This is because children learn gender roles and expectations by observing and imitating their parents' behaviors and attitudes, and by experiencing the consequences of their own sex-typed behaviors. Therefore, the encouragement of sex-typed activities is the only parental behavior that shows a significant impact on gender development.

Question 6

When Russell's mother asked Russell to play dolls with his sister,he complained,"Boys don't play with dolls." Russell possesses gender ________ for classifying behavior.

Accepted Answer

Russell's statement suggests that he has a preconceived idea or mental framework (schema) about gender norms and what behavior is appropriate for boys and girls.

Question 7

_________ theory stresses the importance of the acquisition of gender identity and children's intrinsic motivations to behave in a gender-typical manner,focusing on the influence of children's active construction of gender knowledge on their behavior.

Accepted Answer

Gender schema theory emphasizes how children actively construct gender knowledge and how this influences their behavior, focusing on their intrinsic motivations to conform to gender norms.

Question 8

The _________ refers to the child's knowledge of one sex or the other.

Accepted Answer

The same-sex/opposite-sex schema refers to the child's knowledge of one sex or the other.

Question 9

In general,_________ facilitates the development of flexibility in children's conceptions of gender roles.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that maternal employment may facilitate the development of flexibility in children's conceptions of gender roles as they see their mothers working outside of the home and challenging traditional gender roles. Paternal employment and teen employment have not been found to have the same effect, and sensitivity training may be helpful but is not as directly linked to the development of flexibility in children's gender role conceptions.

Question 10

Stuart possesses a strong gender schema and exhibits very consistent gender-typical behaviors.We can refer to Stuart as

Accepted Answer

Stuart's consistent gender-typical behaviors suggest that he has a well-developed gender schema, and therefore, he can be referred to as gender-schematic.

Question 11

Children develop cognitive structures that enable them to classify masculine and feminine behavior.These cognitive structures are referred to as gender

Accepted Answer

The statement clearly states that children develop cognitive structures that allow them to classify masculine and feminine behavior, and these structures are specifically referred to as gender "schemas." Therefore, A) schemas is the best choice. B) identities, C) constants, and D) structures are all plausible options but are not the specific term used in the statement.

Question 12

Once children acquire gender identity,they are

Accepted Answer

Once children acquire gender identity, they become more aware of gender norms and expectations, and they tend to engage in more gender-typical play. This is because they have internalized societal expectations of what is appropriate behavior for their gender.

Question 13

The _________ is a more elaborate gender schema that children develop,providing a basis for self-regulating their behaviors.

Accepted Answer

The own-sex schema is a more detailed gender schema that children form, which helps them regulate their behavior according to their understanding of gender roles and expectations.

Question 14

Ronald focuses his attention on aspects of information that are not related to gender,and he displays less sex-typed behavior.Ronald is gender

Accepted Answer

Ronald is displaying aschematic gender identity, meaning that he does not rely on typical gender stereotypes or behaviors. This does not necessarily make him gender neutral or inferior, as gender neutrality implies a lack of gender identity altogether, and inferiority implies a negative judgment about one's gender identity.

Question 15

Children who encounter gender stereotype- inconsistent information will likely

Accepted Answer

The answer of Children who encounter gender stereotype- inconsistent information...

Question 16

Psychologists seek to understand how socialization affects gender development in order to

Accepted Answer

Psychologists study socialization and gender development to promote optimal development for both sexes. Understanding how socialization affects gender development can help identify potential gaps in education or upbringing that could impede healthy development for individuals.

Question 17

Candice possesses a weak gender schema,and she engages in fewer gender-typical behaviors than her other female peers.We can refer to Candice as

Accepted Answer

Candice is not strongly influenced by gender norms and does not exhibit many gender-typical behaviors, indicating that she possesses a weak gender schema. This makes her gender-aschematic.

Question 18

Which of the following is not true regarding the influence of parental behaviors upon gender development?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that fathers tend to reward their sons for assertiveness and daughters for compliance, rather than rewarding both genders equally for assertive behaviors.

Question 19

Carissa,a five-year-old,was given two new toys to play with.She was told that one was a new toy for girls and the other was a new toy for boys.Carissa is most likely to

Accepted Answer

At the age of five, children like Carissa are highly influenced by gender norms and stereotypes. They tend to prefer toys that are socially and culturally marked as appropriate for their gender. Therefore, Carissa is most likely to play more with the toy that was meant for a girl, aligning with her understanding of gender-appropriate behavior.

Question 20

According to gender schema theory,children

Accepted Answer

Gender schema theory proposes that children actively distort new information to conform to their existing gender schemas. This means that they may interpret and remember information in a biased way that fits with their beliefs about gender roles and expectations.

Quiz 13: Gender