Question 1

Kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally).The most common form is __________ a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.

Accepted Answer

Bilateral descent is a system of tracing kinship through both the mother's and father's sides of the family. Bitriarchal descent, bitricentric descent, and bitrilocal descent are not commonly used terms in anthropology to describe systems of tracing kinship.

Question 2

Few societies have residential patterns known as __________ residence,which refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents.

Accepted Answer

Matrilocal residence is the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the wife's parents. Matriarchal refers to a society where women hold the primary power and authority. Matricentric refers to a family or society that is centered around the mother figure. Matrilineal refers to a society where descent and inheritance are traced through the female line.

Question 3

Residential patterns are interrelated with the authority structure and method of tracing descent in families.__________ residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family.

Accepted Answer

Patrilocal residence refers to the custom of a married couple living in the same household (or community) as the husband's family. This type of residence is common in societies that follow a patrilineal descent system and have a patriarchal authority structure. Patrilineal descent refers to the tracing of family lineage through the father's line, while a patriarchal authority structure places the father or eldest male in the family at the head of the household.

Question 4

All of the following are forms of familial power and authority,as mentioned in the text,EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Bilateralism is not a form of familial power and authority; it refers to a system of inheritance or descent where both maternal and paternal lines are equally important.

Question 5

In industrialized nations such as the United States,most couples hope to live in a(n) __________ residence-the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question matches the concept of a neolocal residence, which is the custom of a married couple living in their own residence apart from both the husband's and the wife's parents. Bilateral refers to social systems that recognize descent through both the mother and father's family lines, whereas egalitarian refers to social systems with a belief in the equality of all people. Neocentric is not a commonly used term in sociology.

Question 6

In preindustrial societies,kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally).The most common pattern of unilineal descent is __________,which is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.

Accepted Answer

Patrilineal descent is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family, which is the most common pattern of unilineal descent in preindustrial societies. Patriarchal descent refers to a system where descent is traced through the male head of the family, but this is not necessarily unilineal. Patrilocal descent refers to a residence pattern where a married couple lives with or near the husband's family, which is not directly related to descent. Patricentric descent is not a commonly used term in anthropology.

Question 7

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father).

Accepted Answer

In a patriarchal family, the eldest male usually holds the most authority and power, while other family members follow their lead. Women and children typically have limited decision-making power in this family structure.

Question 8

Even with the less common pattern of __________-a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family-women may not control property.

Accepted Answer

Matrilineal descent is the system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family. However, it does not automatically guarantee that women have control over property. Other factors such as inheritance laws and cultural norms can still limit women's economic power.

Question 9

The cost of maintenance and a nearly balanced sex ratio in a geographical area tends to limit this type of marriage.

Accepted Answer

The cost of maintenance for multiple spouses and the need for a nearly balanced sex ratio both limit the prevalence of polygamy. Endogamy, homogamy, and monogamy are not necessarily limited by these factors.

Question 10

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother).

Accepted Answer

A matriarchal family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female.

Question 11

__________ is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men.It is very rare.

Accepted Answer

Polyandry is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men. The other options are not a correct definition for this term. Endogamy is the cultural practice of marrying within one's social group. Homogamy refers to the tendency of individuals to marry people who have similar characteristics such as education, age, social class, etc. Polygyny refers to the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

Question 12

__________ systems are set up in such a manner that a legitimate son inherits his father's property and sometimes his position upon the father's death.

Accepted Answer

Patrilineal systems are based on tracing descent and inheritance through the male line, so a legitimate son would be the primary inheritor. Patrilocal systems refer to residence patterns and patricentric and patriarchal refer to power and authority structures, but do not necessarily determine inheritance patterns.

Question 13

_________ is very rare and when it does occur,it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of female infanticide.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that the occurrence of this social phenomenon is rare and is generally found in societies where there is a skewed gender ratio due to female infanticide. This indicates that there is a shortage of women in these societies. In such a scenario, one of the ways in which men can still find partners is by sharing a wife. This practice, where one woman is married to multiple men, is called polyandry. Homogamy refers to the tendency of individuals to marry partners who are similar to them in terms of attributes such as education, income, etc. Polygyny refers to the practice of a man being married to multiple women. Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying within one's own social group, caste, or community.

Question 14

Descent and inheritance rights are intricately linked with patterns of power and authority in families.Across cultures,the most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families is:

Accepted Answer

Patriarchy refers to a social structure in which men hold primary power and authority in society, including within families. In patriarchal societies, descent and inheritance rights are often passed down through male family members, such as fathers and sons, rather than through female members. This pattern of power and authority has been widespread throughout human history, though it is not universal. Therefore, the most prevalent pattern of power and authority in families, across cultures, is patriarchy.

Question 15

In the United States,most people practice __________.They marry people who come from the same social class,racial/ethnic group,religious affiliation,and other categories considered important within their own social group.

Accepted Answer

The best choice is D, endogamy, which is the practice of marrying within one's own social, racial/ethnic, or religious group. This practice is still prevalent in the United States, as many people tend to marry within their own social circles or communities. Exogamy (A) is the opposite of endogamy and refers to the practice of marrying outside of one's own social group. Egalitarianism (B) refers to the principle of equality and fairness, and is not related to marriage practices. Heterogamy (C) refers to the practice of marrying someone who is different from oneself in terms of social, racial/ethnic, or religious background. While heterogamy may occur, endogamy is still the most common practice in the US.

Question 16

In nations such as India,where boys are seen as permanent _________ family members,girls tend to be seen as more expendable than boys.

Accepted Answer

In patrilineal societies, lineage and inheritance are traced through the male lineage. Hence, boys are seen as more valuable because they carry on the family line and inherit property, while girls are often married off and become part of their husbands' families. This view often results in the preference for boys over girls, making girls more expendable.

Question 17

In __________ systems,inheritance of property and position usually is traced from the maternal uncle (mother's brother) to his nephew (mother's son) and,in some cases,mothers may pass on their property to daughters.

Accepted Answer

Matrilineal systems trace inheritance through the mother's line rather than the father's. This often results in property and position being passed down from the maternal uncle to his nephew, as opposed to the father's son, and in some cases, mothers may pass on their property to daughters. Matricentric refers to female-centered systems, matrilocal refers to residence patterns where a married couple lives with or near the wife's family, and matriarchal refers to societies where women hold power over men.

Question 18

Across cultures,__________ is most common.In al-Barba,a lower-middle-class neighborhood in the Jordanian city of Irbid,the high cost of renting an apartment or building a new home has resulted in many sons building their own living quarters onto their parents' home,resulting in multi-family households.

Accepted Answer

The passage describes sons building their own living quarters onto their parents' home, which is a common practice in patrilocal societies where married couples live with or near the husband's family. Matrilocal residency would mean the married couple lives with or near the wife's family, which is not the case described in the passage. Multilocal residency would mean the married couple lives in multiple locations, which is not relevant to the passage. Neolocal residency would mean the married couple establishes a new household separate from their families of origin, which is not the case described in the passage.

Question 19

Most people's behavior is shaped by cultural rules.__________ is the practice of marrying within one's own group.

Accepted Answer

Endogamy is the practice of marrying within one's own group, such as marrying within one's own religious, racial, or ethnic group. This is a cultural rule that influences people's behavior in regards to marriage. Exogamy refers to the practice of marrying outside of one's own group, while homogamy and heterogamy refer to patterns of marriage based on similarities or differences in characteristics such as education, age, or social class.

Question 20

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which both partners share power and authority equally.

Accepted Answer

An egalitarian family is a family structure in which both partners share power and authority equally.

Quiz 15: Families and Intimate Relationships

Kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally) .The most common form is __________ a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.