Question 1

Cities are a relatively recent innovation when compared to the length
of human existence.

Accepted Answer

Cities only began to emerge about 10,000 years ago with the development of agriculture, while humans have existed for over 2 million years.

Question 2

The age distribution of a population has a direct bearing on the demand for schooling,health,employment,housing,and pensions.The current distribution of a population can be depicted in a population pyramid.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The shape of a population pyramid can provide insight into the age distribution of a population, which can have significant implications for the demand and provision of various goods and services, including those mentioned above.

Question 3

Emigration is the movement of people out of a geographic area to take up residency elsewhere,whereas immigration is the movement of people into a geographic area to take up residency.

Accepted Answer

The statement accurately describes the difference between emigration and immigration.

Question 4

According to the multiple nuclei model,cities do not have one center from which all growth radiates,but rather have numerous centers of development based on specific urban needs or activities.As cities began to grow rapidly,they annexed formerly outlying and independent townships that had been communities in their own right.

Accepted Answer

The multiple nuclei model proposes that cities have multiple centers of development rather than a single center from which growth radiates. Additionally, the annexation of outlying townships is a common occurrence in the growth of cities.

Question 5

International migration has occurred throughout U.S.history and has significantly changed the distribution of the population over time.For example,in the late 19ᵗʰ century and early 20ᵗʰ century,thousands of people moved from rural to urban areas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of International migration has occurred throughout U.S.history and...

Question 6

Sociologists Joe Feagin and Robert Parker asserted that urban space has an "exchange value," which refers to the profits that industrialists make from buying,selling,and developing land and buildings; and a "use value," which is the utility of space,land,and buildings for everyday life,family life,and neighborhood life.

Accepted Answer

Feagin and Parker did indeed assert that urban space has both an exchange value and a use value.

Question 7

Between 1870 and 1910,the population of New York City grew by 500 percent,making it the first U.S.metropolis.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The population of New York City grew from approximately 1 million in 1870 to over 5 million in 1910, making it the largest city in the United States during this time period.

Question 8

An important ecological process in the concentric zone model; succession is the process by which a new category of people or type of land use arrives in an area previously occupied by another group or type of land use.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question is incorrect. Succession is actually the process by which plant and animal communities change over time in response to environmental conditions. It is an important ecological process in the development of ecosystems. The concentric zone model is a social theory about urban development that describes how cities grow and change over time.

Question 9

The most basic measure of fertility is the cultivated birth rate-the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.In 2004,the cultivated birth rate in the United States was 14.0.

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "crude birth rate," not "cultivated birth rate." The crude birth rate refers to the number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.

Question 10

Sociologist Emile Durkheim applied natural ecology to his analysis of organic solidarity,characterized by a simple division of labor and shared religious beliefs such as those found in small,agrarian societies; and mechanical solidarity,characterized by interdependence based on the elaborate division of labor found in large,urban societies.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sociologist Emile Durkheim applied natural ecology to...

Question 11

Advocates of the demographic transition theory highlight the relationship between technological development and population growth.

Accepted Answer

The demographic transition theory proposes that technological development leads to a decline in family size and population growth, as improved healthcare and economic opportunities make it less necessary to have large families.

Question 12

Economist Thomas Malthus stated that the elimination of the existing population might be averted by either positive or preventive checks on population.Preventive checks are mortality risks such as famine,disease,and war,compared with positive checks,which include limits on fertility.For Malthus,the only acceptable positive check was moral restraint.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Economist Thomas Malthus stated that the elimination...

Question 13

Symbolic interactionists argue that "uneven development"-the tendency of some neighborhoods,cities,or regions to grow and prosper whereas others stagnate and decline-reflects inequalities of wealth and power in society.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Symbolic interactionists argue that "uneven development"-the tendency...

Question 14

One measure of population composition is the sex ratio.In the United States,the estimated sex ratio for 2003 was 96.3,which means there were about 96 females per 100 males.

Accepted Answer

The statement is incorrect. In the United States, the estimated sex ratio for 2003 was actually 97.7, which means there were about 98 males per 100 females.

Question 15

Based on urban ecologist Homer Hoyt's sector model,residences of a particular type and value tend to grow inward from the outskirts of the city in a circular pattern with the less-expensive residential neighborhoods located along the higher ground near lakes and rivers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Based on urban ecologist Homer Hoyt's sector...

Question 16

According to sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies,Gesellschaft is a society in which social relationships are based on personal bonds of friendship and kinship and on intergenerational stability,such that people have a commitment to the entire group and feel a sense of togetherness.

Accepted Answer

According to Ferdinand Tönnies, Gesellschaft is actually a society in which social relationships are based on impersonal ties, individual self-interest, and the pursuit of success rather than a sense of community or group loyalty. Gesellschaft is often contrasted with Gemeinschaft, which is a society based on personal bonds and a sense of community.

Question 17

Succession is the process by which a new category of people or type of land use gradually predominates in an area formerly dominated by another group or activity.

Accepted Answer

Succession is indeed the process by which a new category of people or type of land use gradually predominates in an area formerly dominated by another group or activity.

Question 18

Functionalists argue that cities do not grow or decline by chance.Rather,they are the product of specific decisions made by members of the capitalist class and political elites.These far-reaching decisions regarding land use and urban development benefit the members of some groups at the expense of others.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Functionalists argue that cities do not grow...

Question 19

In low-income,less-developed nations,infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death; in some areas,mortality rates are increasing rapidly as a result of HIV/AIDS.Children under age 15 constitute a growing number of those who are infected with HIV/AIDS.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true according to the World Health Organization's report on infectious diseases in low-income countries. HIV/AIDS is particularly affecting children under the age of 15 in these regions.

Question 20

Sociologist Herbert Gans suggested that not everyone experiences the city in the same way.Based on research in Boston during the 1950s,he concluded that many residents develop strong loyalties and a sense of community in central-city areas that outsiders may view negatively.

Accepted Answer

Sociologist Herbert Gans did suggest that not everyone experiences the city in the same way and that many residents develop strong loyalties and a sense of community in central-city areas. This was based on his research in Boston during the 1950s.

Quiz 19: Population and Urbanization

Cities are a relatively recent innovation when compared to the length of human existence.