Question 1

Match each stage of mitosis (lettered A-D) to the appropriate diagram in the figure above.
-anaphase

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The answer of  
Match each stage of mitosis (lettered...

Question 2

Differentiation of embryonic cells begins immediately upon the first division of the fertilized egg.

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Question 3

Match each stage of mitosis (lettered A-D) to the appropriate diagram in the figure above.
-prophase

Accepted Answer

Prophase is the initial stage of mitosis where chromosomes begin to condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

Answer: C 
 Sister chromatids are joined at the centromere during prophase.

Answer: G 
 The mitotic spindle is formed during prophase in preparation for the separation of sister chromatids during later stages of mitosis.

Answer: H 
 A chromosome in prophase is composed of two sister chromatids joined at the centromere.

Answer: I 
 In some eukaryotic cells, chromosomes are present in pairs during prophase and move toward the spindle poles as the mitotic spindle forms.

Question 4

Embryo splitting as a means of reproductive cloning is typically done at the 32- or 64-cell stage.

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Question 5

Match each stage of mitosis (lettered A-D) to the appropriate diagram in the figure above.
-occurs just before cytokinesis

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Match each stage of mitosis (lettered...

Question 6

Determine whether each of the following events is characteristic of mitosis, meiosis, or both. Answers may be used more than once.
A) mitosis
B) meiosis
C) mitosis and meiosis
13) preceded by replication of chromosomes during interphase
14) results in production of four genetically different daughter cells
15) yields haploid daughter cells
16) involves pairing of homologous chromosomes and crossing-over
17) involves chromosome movement and distribution to daughter cells
18) results in the production of gametes
19) involves two successive nuclear and cell divisions
20) results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells

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Question 7

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated during meiosis I.

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are separated and segregated into different cells during meiosis I.

Question 8

The development of induced pluripotent stem cells would make possible therapeutic cloning without the use of embryos.

Accepted Answer

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are generated from adult cells and have the ability to differentiate into various cell types, including those found in embryonic development. This allows for the creation of patient-specific cells for therapeutic purposes, without the need for embryos.

Question 9

________ is the process by which the DNA code of a single gene is converted into a complimentary strand of mRNA.

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Question 10

Match each stage of mitosis (lettered A-D) to the appropriate diagram in the figure above.
-metaphase

Accepted Answer

This describes metaphase in which chromosomes line up at the spindle equator.

Answer: F
 This describes anaphase in which sister chromatids separate and move to opposite spindle poles.

Answer: C
 This describes the structure of a chromosome during metaphase in which two sister chromatids are joined at the centromere.

Answer: B
 This describes the final phase of mitosis in which daughter nuclei re-form.

Answer: D
 This describes the beginning of prophase in which chromosomes condense and the mitotic spindle begins to form.

Question 11

Meiosis results in four nonidentical daughter cells.

Accepted Answer

Meiosis results in the formation of four nonidentical daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This allows for genetic diversity in gametes and is necessary for sexual reproduction.

Question 12

The result of mitosis is the production of two daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other but not to the parent cell.

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Question 13

Differentiation is the process of sister chromatids separating from each other during meiosis II.

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Question 14

A cell cycle of a cell in which DNA replication was faulty, failing to complete replication of all of the DNA, would likely be halted at the M checkpoint.

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Question 15

Somatic cell nuclear transfer is a means of reproductive cloning.

Accepted Answer

Somatic cell nuclear transfer involves transferring the nucleus of a somatic cell (body cell) into an enucleated egg cell, resulting in an embryo that is genetically identical to the donor of the somatic cell. This is a form of reproductive cloning, as the goal is to create a whole organism with the same genetic material as the donor.

Question 16

The replication of DNA occurs during the ________ phase of interphase.

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Question 17

Initiation of translation begins with a tRNA binding to a(n) ________ on mRNA.

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Question 18

Progression through the various phases of the cell cycle depends on fluctuating concentrations of ________.

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Question 19

The primary transcript that results from transcription must be modified before it can be translated; nucleotide sequences that actually form the mRNA and contain the genetic information are called ________.

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The answer of The primary transcript that results from transcription...

Question 20

The most important checkpoint in the regulation of cell reproduction is during the ________ phase of interphase.

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Quiz 17: Cell Reproduction and Differentiation

Match each stage of mitosis (lettered A-D) to the appropriate diagram in the figure above. -anaphase