Question 1

During transcription, a portion of a cell's DNA is converted to a complimentary strand of mRNA. The mRNA is eventually used as the blueprint for making one or more proteins, but not immediately. A short lag time is necessary between transcription and the initiation of translation. Why?

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Question 2

The study of how gene expression is altered by factors in the cell's environment is called ________.

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Question 3

The specialization of stem cells into various cellular types is called ________.

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Question 4

A(n) ________ forms during cytokinesis as contractile filaments in the cell tighten.

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Question 5

Meiosis in females is not complete until ________ occurs.

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Question 6

Fertilization of an egg in vitro, leading to separation of individual cells from the 8-cell stage for implantation into a surrogate mother is called ________.

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Question 7

Explain the importance of checkpoints to the cell cycle.

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Question 8

The beginning of each gene in DNA is marked by the presence of a unique base sequence called the ________.

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Question 9

Following replication of chromosomes, sister chromatids are held together by a(n) ________.

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Question 10

Mitochondria have their own DNA, which encodes some of the proteins that function within the mitochondria. Explain why the inheritance of mitochondrial DNA is described as "maternal inheritance."

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Question 11

During translation, attachment of a "start" codon to the small ribosomal subunit constitutes the beginning of the ________ stage.

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Question 12

Alterations in DNA, whether they occur by mistake during replication, or as a result of some type of damage, can lead to mutations. Mutations, however, are rare in terms of leading to actual damage to a cell. Why?

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Question 13

All cells that make up the body other than germ cells are referred to as ________.

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Question 14

Cloning for the specific purpose of treating human disease is referred to as ________ cloning.

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Question 15

Human chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins called ________, which help organize the DNA and give structure to the chromosomes.

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Question 16

Match between columns
                        Premises: chromatids of a chromosome separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
chromosomes are lined up along the "equator" in the center of the cell
nuclear membranes form around chromosomes; mitotic spindle breaks apart
cytoplasm divides
chromosomes become visible; centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell; mitotic spindle forms

Accepted Answer

The Answer of anaphase and prophase and telophase and metaphase is...

Question 17

Match between columns
                        Premises: component of ribosome that assists in protein synthesis
processed from primary transcript produced in transcription
contains start codon sequence for protein synthesis
attaches to ribosomes at anticodon end
transports amino acids to the ribosome

Accepted Answer

The Answer of rRNA and tRNA and mRNA is...

Question 18

Match between columns
                        Premises: phase during which most of the growth of a cell occurs
phase during which the cell's DNA is duplicated
phase during which the cell prepares for cell division

Accepted Answer

The Answer of S and G₁ and G₂ is...

Quiz 17: Cell Reproduction and Differentiation