Question 1

In middle childhood, IQ tests may be used to

Accepted Answer

In middle childhood, IQ tests may be used to group children for instruction. This is often seen in schools where children may be placed in classes or programs based on their IQ scores, with the assumption that students with similar IQ scores will have similar learning needs and abilities. However, it is important to note that IQ tests should not be used as the sole determinant of a child's academic abilities or potential.

Question 2

A skill that is especially related to learning to read well in middle childhood is

Accepted Answer

Phonological awareness refers to the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of language, which is a critical skill for learning to read in middle childhood. This includes understanding that words are made up of individual sounds (phonemes) and being able to blend, segment and manipulate these sounds in words.

Question 3

According to your textbook, 3 and 4-year olds are able to use scanning and systematic searching to do which of the following activities?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to your textbook, 3 and 4-year...

Question 4

Which of the following is an important component in helping ELL students perform well on achievement tests?

Accepted Answer

Teachers need to provide a transition to English-only curriculum. This will give ELL students time to develop their English language skills, which will aid in their ability to perform well on achievement tests. Additionally, using interpreters during testing may not always be feasible and administering tests in English only can disadvantage ELL students. Waiting until after the third grade to administer achievement tests may also delay identifying potential academic needs for ELL students.

Question 5

During the middle childhood years, the main focus of education is on which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During the middle childhood years, the main...

Question 6

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of culture-fair tests?

Accepted Answer

Culture-fair tests are designed to minimize the impact of cultural or verbal knowledge and focus on nonverbal abilities and abstract reasoning. This is typically achieved by using visual or spatial tasks that can be solved independently of language and cultural background. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 7

Reading researchers have found that poor readers tend to have the most difficulty with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Poor readers tend to have difficulty with phonological processing, including sound-letter combinations. They may struggle with decoding words and recognizing common patterns within words. While poor spelling and grammar skills may also be present, they are not consistently found to be the primary difficulty for poor readers. Processing speed may also be a challenge for some poor readers, but it is not necessarily specific to reading difficulties.

Question 8

Who is the theorist who proposed the idea of multiple intelligences?

Accepted Answer

Howard Gardner proposed the idea of multiple intelligences in his book "Frames of Mind" in 1983.

Question 9

Which of the following best summarizes the research regarding bilingual education?

Accepted Answer

While there is research on various approaches to bilingual education, the findings are not clear-cut or consistently supportive of one particular method. Therefore, the research can be described as inconclusive.

Question 10

Which of the following is one of the information processing strategies described in your text?

Accepted Answer

Systematic searching is described in the text as an information processing strategy, while harmonics and retrieval activation are not mentioned at all. Meta-processing is mentioned briefly, but it is not described as an information processing strategy.

Question 11

On which of the following does a child's capacity for creativity depend?

Accepted Answer

The answer of On which of the following does a...

Question 12

When I.Q. tests are developed, the scores are determined by comparing individual students' scores to an overall average attained by giving the same test to large numbers of similar individuals. This process describes which of the following strategies?

Accepted Answer

The process described is that of standardization, where a test is given to a large number of individuals in order to establish an average score against which individual scores can be compared.

Question 13

Mr. Henry likes to challenge his third-graders in their reading skills. He uses books that are just slightly above their current level. When a student is struggling with a word, Mr. Henry takes the opportunity to teach the child a new strategy for learning and speaking the word. Which approach to reading is Mr. Henry using?

Accepted Answer

Mr. Henry is using the balanced approach to reading, which involves providing students with books that are slightly above their current level and teaching them strategies to learn new words. This approach emphasizes both phonics and comprehension skills.

Question 14

According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which of the following represents the ability to understand oneself?

Accepted Answer

According to Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, intrapersonal intelligence refers to the ability to understand oneself. This includes having self-awareness, recognizing emotions, and understanding one's own motivations and strengths.

Question 15

Phoebe came to the United States from Puerto Rico. She speaks very little English but is in a special class that teaches her in both English and Spanish. Phoebe is in what type of program?

Accepted Answer

Phoebe is in a program that teaches her in both English and Spanish, which is characteristic of bilingual education. Multi-lingual education could also be a possible answer, but it is not a commonly used term and does not accurately convey the specific type of education Phoebe is receiving. LED (Language Experience Development) is a specific teaching method, but it is not mentioned in the scenario. ESL (English as a Second Language) is a program where students are taught solely in English, which is not the case for Phoebe. Therefore, the best answer is A) Bilingual education.

Question 16

Memory skills, metacognitive abilities, and problem solving strategies are all part of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Memory skills, metacognitive abilities, and problem solving strategies are all part of executive processes, which refer to the cognitive skills and strategies involved in planning, organization, attention, and decision-making. Supercognition refers to an exceptional level of cognitive functioning, beyond what is considered typical or average. Mnemonics are memory aids or techniques designed to help people remember information. Processing efficiency refers to how efficiently the brain processes information, which can be impacted by factors such as age, health, and cognitive load.

Question 17

Which type of tests are designed to access specific information that is taught, and hopefully learned, at school?

Accepted Answer

Achievement tests are designed to assess specific information that is taught and learned at school, such as knowledge of math, language, science, or history. Aptitude tests assess an individual's potential to learn or perform certain tasks, while intelligence tests measure cognitive abilities such as reasoning and problem-solving skills. Cognitive tests cover a range of mental abilities, including memory and attention, while achievement tests focus on knowledge acquisition in a specific academic subject.

Question 18

At the beginning of the 21st century, approximately what percentage of U.S. classrooms had at least 1 ELL student?

Accepted Answer

According to data from the National Center for Education Statistics, in the year 2000, approximately 9% of students in U.S. classrooms were identified as English language learners. This number increased to 10% by 2005 and has remained relatively steady since then. Therefore, it can be estimated that at the beginning of the 21st century, around 50% of U.S. classrooms had at least one ELL student.

Question 19

In 2008, there were approximately _____________ English language learner school children in the U.S.

Accepted Answer

According to the National Center for Education Statistics, the number of English language learner (ELL) students in public schools in the U.S. was approximately 11 million in 2008. This number has continued to increase in the years since.

Question 20

Which of the following terms applies to those school children who are non-English-speaking, whether immigrant or native-born?

Accepted Answer

"Limited English proficient" is the term used by the federal government to refer to students who do not speak English fluently and who may need language assistance to succeed in school. The term "linguistically challenged" could be seen as stigmatizing, while "ESL" (English as a second language) and "second language proficient" only apply to students who are specifically learning English as a second language, and may not apply to students who are native-born but still non-English-speaking.

Quiz 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood